mineral
Turquoise, Pearl, and Coral Necklace
CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O (Turquoise) / CaCO3 (Pearl and Coral)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectTurquoise: Hardness 5-6, sky-blue color, waxy to sub-vitreous luster, triclinic. Pearls: Hardness 2.5-4.5, white with orient luster. Coral: Hardness 3-4, vivid red.
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Physical properties
Turquoise: Hardness 5-6, sky-blue color, waxy to sub-vitreous luster, triclinic. Pearls: Hardness 2.5-4.5, white with orient luster. Coral: Hardness 3-4, vivid red.
Formation & geological history
Turquoise forms via secondary mineralization in arid regions. Pearls are organic gems formed within mollusks. Red coral consists of calcium carbonate skeletons from marine polyps.
Uses & applications
Primary use in jewelry, fashion accessories, and as collectible semi-precious gemstones.
Geological facts
Turquoise has been mined since at least 6000 BCE in Egypt. Red coral (Corallium rubrum) is often called 'precious coral' and is heavily regulated in many regions.
Field identification & locations
Identification includes checking for 'matrix' patterns in turquoise and the 'tooth test' for pearls. Found in jewelry markets and vintage collections.
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