mineral
Turquoise (with Hematite)
CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 5-6 (Mohs); Color: Sky blue to blue-green; Luster: Waxy to sub-vitreous; Crystal system: Triclinic (usually massive/cryptocrystalline); Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.9. Accompanied by metallic grey metallic hematite beads.
- Hardness
- 5-6 (Mohs)
- Color
- Sky blue to blue-green
- Luster
- Waxy to sub-vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs); Color: Sky blue to blue-green; Luster: Waxy to sub-vitreous; Crystal system: Triclinic (usually massive/cryptocrystalline); Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.9. Accompanied by metallic grey metallic hematite beads.
Formation & geological history
A secondary mineral formed by the percolation of acidic aqueous solutions during the weathering and oxidation of pre-existing minerals (copper-bearing rocks) in arid environments.
Uses & applications
Primarily used as a gemstone in jewelry, decorative carvings, and as a collector's specimen.
Geological facts
Turquoise is one of the oldest gemstones in human history, used by Egyptians, Aztecs, and Native Americans for over 5,000 years. The 'veins' in the blue beads are often called the matrix.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its unique 'robin's egg' blue color and black/brown matrix. In the field, it is found in arid regions like Arizona, Iran, and China. Collectors look for high color saturation and hardness.
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