mineral
Turquoise
CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O
Hardness: 5-6 on the Mohs scale. Color: Blue, bluish-green, green. Luster: Waxy to subvitreous. Crystal structure: Triclinic. Cleavage: Perfect in one direction, good in another (rarely seen in crystals). Specific gravity: 2.60-2.85.
- Hardness
- 5-6 on the Mohs scale
- Color
- Blue, bluish-green, green
- Luster
- Waxy to subvitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-6 on the Mohs scale. Color: Blue, bluish-green, green. Luster: Waxy to subvitreous. Crystal structure: Triclinic. Cleavage: Perfect in one direction, good in another (rarely seen in crystals). Specific gravity: 2.60-2.85.
Formation & geological history
Formed by a supergene process involving the action of descending water rich in copper and aluminum percolating through host rocks in arid or desert climates, typically in volcanic or sedimentary environments.
Uses & applications
Widely used in jewelry, ornamental carvings, inlay work, and as a gemstone of high cultural and spiritual value.
Geological facts
Turquoise is one of the world's most ancient gemstones, prized by the ancient Egyptians, Native Americans, and Persians as a symbol of protection, wealth, and good fortune.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its distinct robin's egg blue or greenish-blue color, often webbed with dark brown or black matrix veins. Found in major deposits in the southwestern United States, Iran, China, and Egypt.
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