mineral

Turquoise

Turquoise — hydrated copper aluminum phosphate, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Typically sky-blue to blue-green with a waxy to subvitreous luster; Mohs hardness 5–6, opaque, cryptocrystalline, and often porous or matrix-bearing. The bright turquoise color indicates copper, while brown or black veining may be host-rock matrix.

Identified September 16, 2026More mineral →

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At a glance

Common name: Turquoise
Scientific name: Turquoise — hydrated copper aluminum phosphate, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O
Category: mineral
Identified: September 16, 2026
Method: Standard

AI Estimated Value

About $2–$20 for a small common rough fragment; $50–$500+ for high-grade natural, well-colored material, with exceptional jewelry-grade turquoise worth substantially more.

Not an official valuation

AI estimate for general interest only — not an appraisal. Actual value depends on condition, provenance, and market demand. Verify with a professional before buying, selling, or insuring.

This identification was generated by AI and may contain errors. Verify important details before relying on them — and never use an AI result to judge whether a specimen is safe to handle. Read the full disclaimer

Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms as a secondary mineral in arid, oxidized copper deposits when phosphate-rich groundwater alters aluminum-bearing rock. Most deposits are Cenozoic to younger, though individual occurrences vary in age.

Uses & applications

Used for cabochons, beads, carvings, and ornamental objects; historically important in Native American, Persian, Egyptian, and Chinese jewelry. Fine natural turquoise can be valuable, while stabilized or dyed material is less valuable.

Geological facts

Common associated minerals include limonite, chrysocolla, malachite, quartz, and host-rock fragments. The specimen appears to be a small rough turquoise fragment, possibly mixed with matrix or chrysocolla.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its blue-green color, relatively low hardness, opaque waxy surface, and copper-bearing associations; it should not fizz with dilute acid. Major sources include Iran, Arizona, Nevada, China, Mexico, and Australia; avoid prolonged heat, chemicals, and ultrasonic cleaning.