mineral
Turquoise
CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O
Hardness: 5-6 on the Mohs scale. Color: Bright blue, bluish-green, to yellowish-green with characteristic dark webbed veins (matrix). Luster: Waxy to subvitreous. Crystal Structure: Triclinic. Specific gravity: 2.60-2.85.
- Hardness
- 5-6 on the Mohs scale
- Luster
- Waxy to subvitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-6 on the Mohs scale. Color: Bright blue, bluish-green, to yellowish-green with characteristic dark webbed veins (matrix). Luster: Waxy to subvitreous. Crystal Structure: Triclinic. Specific gravity: 2.60-2.85.
Formation & geological history
Formed by the chemical action of descending water rich in copper and aluminum percolating through rocks, typically in arid regions where volcanic or hydrothermal activity occurs.
Uses & applications
Widely used in jewelry, decorative carvings, inlay work, and highly valued as a gemstone by collectors and indigenous cultures.
Geological facts
Turquoise is one of the oldest gemstones in history, prized by ancient civilizations such as the Egyptians, Persians, and Native Americans for ornaments and protective amulets.
Field identification & locations
Found in arid regions such as the southwestern United States, Iran, China, and Sinai. Easily identified by its distinct robin's-egg blue color and webbed matrix patterns.
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