mineral
Turquoise
Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 5-6 (Mohs), Color: Sky blue to apple green, Luster: Waxy to subvitreous, Crystal structure: Triclinic (rarely occurs as crystals), Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.9
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs), Color: Sky blue to apple green, Luster: Waxy to subvitreous, Crystal structure: Triclinic (rarely occurs as crystals), Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.9
Formation & geological history
A secondary mineral formed by the percolation of acidic aqueous solutions during the weathering and oxidation of pre-existing copper minerals. Typically found in arid regions in veins and crusts.
Uses & applications
Primarily used as a gemstone for jewelry and ornamental carvings. Historically used for amulets and decorative inlays in weapons and architecture.
Geological facts
Turquoise is one of the oldest gemstones used by humans, with historical mines in the Sinai Peninsula dating back to 5000 BC. It is the traditional birthstone for December.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its distinctive robin's egg blue color and waxy appearance. Often found in copper mining districts such as the American Southwest, Iran, and China. Collectors look for 'matrix' (host rock veins) within the stone.
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Metamorphic
Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)
Arenite (SiO2 based)
sedimentary
Tumbled granite
Granite, a coarse-grained felsic intrusive igneous rock
igneous
Epidote
Epidote | Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)
metamorphic
Pegmatite with Tourmaline and Quartz
Igneous Pegmatite
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Granite
Granite (Phaneritic intrusive igneous rock)
igneous