mineral
Turquoise
Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 5-6 (Mohs scale); Color: Sky blue, blue-green, or apple green; Luster: Waxy to subvitreous; Crystal Structure: Triclinic (usually occurs as massive cryptocrystalline or nodules); Cleavage: Perfect (rarely seen); Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.9.
- Hardness
- 5-6 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Sky blue, blue-green, or apple green
- Luster
- Waxy to subvitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs scale); Color: Sky blue, blue-green, or apple green; Luster: Waxy to subvitreous; Crystal Structure: Triclinic (usually occurs as massive cryptocrystalline or nodules); Cleavage: Perfect (rarely seen); Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.9.
Formation & geological history
Formed by the percolation of acidic aqueous solutions during the weathering and oxidation of pre-existing minerals. It typically occurs in arid regions as veins or crusts in altered volcanic rocks or sedimentary environments.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in jewelry making (cabochons, beads, inlays) and as an ornamental gemstone. High-quality specimens are highly sought after by mineral collectors.
Geological facts
Turquoise is one of the oldest known gemstones, famously used in the funeral mask of King Tutankhamun and prized by Native American cultures for centuries as a sacred stone. Its name comes from the French 'turquois', meaning 'Turkish', as it originally entered Europe through Turkey.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its distinct robin's egg blue to green color and opaque nature. Common locations include the Southwestern USA (Arizona, Nevada), Iran, China, and Egypt. Collectors look for uniform color and hardness; porous or pale samples are often stabilized with resin.
