mineral
Turquoise
Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum, CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 5-6 (Mohs); Color: Sky blue to turquoise green; Luster: Waxy to subvitreous; Crystal structure: Triclinic (usually massive/cryptocrystalline); Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.9
- Hardness
- 5-6 (Mohs)
- Color
- Sky blue to turquoise green
- Luster
- Waxy to subvitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs); Color: Sky blue to turquoise green; Luster: Waxy to subvitreous; Crystal structure: Triclinic (usually massive/cryptocrystalline); Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.9
Formation & geological history
Formed as a secondary mineral by the action of percolating acidic solutions during the weathering and oxidation of pre-existing minerals containing copper and phosphorus, typically in arid desert environments.
Uses & applications
Primarily used as a gemstone for jewelry (cabochons and beads) and ornamental carvings; also holds significant cultural value in Native American and Persian traditions.
Geological facts
Turquoise is one of the world's oldest known gemstones, mined for thousands of years in the Sinai Peninsula by Ancient Egyptians and in Persia. The name comes from the French 'turquois', meaning 'Turkish', as it reached Europe through Turkey.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its distinctive robin's egg blue color and dark host rock veins known as matrix. Commonly found in Arizona (Sleeping Beauty Mine), Nevada, Iran, and China. Collectors look for high polish and natural matrix patterns.
