igneous
Granite
Phaneritic Felsic Igneous Rock
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale. Color: Salt and pepper appearance with white, grey, black, and tan flecks. Luster: Vitreous to dull. Crystal structure: Phaneritic (visible coarse grains). Cleavage: Varies by mineral (perfect on mica). Specific Gravity: 2.65-2.75.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale. Color: Salt and pepper appearance with white, grey, black, and tan flecks. Luster: Vitreous to dull. Crystal structure: Phaneritic (visible coarse grains). Cleavage: Varies by mineral (perfect on mica). Specific Gravity: 2.65-2.75.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the slow crystallization of magma below the Earth's surface (intrusive). Most granite is found in continental crust and dates back hundreds of millions to billions of years.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, and monuments due to its durability and aesthetic appeal. Also used as crushed stone for road base.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large portion of the Earth's continental crust. It is primarily composed of quartz and feldspar with minor amounts of mica and amphiboles. The iconic peaks of Yosemite National Park are made of granite.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by looking for a multi-colored, speckled appearance with intertwined visible crystals of quartz (clear/grey) and feldspar (white/pink). It will not scratch easily with a steel knife. Common in mountainous regions or riverbeds.
