mineral

Vanadinite

Vanadinite (Pb5(VO4)3Cl)

Mohs hardness: 3-4, Color: Red, orange-red, brown, brownish-yellow, Luster: Resinous to sub-adamantine, Crystal structure: Hexagonal, Cleavage: None, Specific gravity: 6.8-7.1

Identified August 1, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Mohs hardness: 3-4, Color: Red, orange-red, brown, brownish-yellow, Luster: Resinous to sub-adamantine, Crystal structure: Hexagonal, Cleavage: None, Specific gravity: 6.8-7.1

Formation & geological history

Forms as a secondary mineral in the oxidized zones of lead-bearing ore deposits, typically through the alteration of primary lead minerals like galena in arid climates.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of the metal vanadium and a sought-after collector's mineral specimen due to its striking color and distinct hexagonal crystals.

Geological facts

Vanadinite belongs to the apatite group of phosphates and arsenates, though it is a vanadate. It was first discovered in Mexico in 1801 by Andrés Manuel del Río.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its distinctive hexagonal prismatic crystals, high specific gravity (heavy for its size), and bright red-orange color. Found in localities such as Mibladen, Morocco; Arizona, USA; and Tsumeb, Namibia.