Rock Identifier
Weathered iron-rich sandstone or ironstone (Ferruginous sandstone, commonly quartz-rich with iron oxides (Fe₂O₃/FeOOH)) — sedimentary
sedimentary

Weathered iron-rich sandstone or ironstone

Ferruginous sandstone, commonly quartz-rich with iron oxides (Fe₂O₃/FeOOH)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness about 6–7 for quartz grains, but the weathered surface may crumble; reddish-brown, dull to earthy luster, granular texture, and no obvious cleavage. The pale branching surface markings may be mineral veins, weathering rinds, or lichen rather than crystals.

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Physical properties

Hardness about 6–7 for quartz grains, but the weathered surface may crumble; reddish-brown, dull to earthy luster, granular texture, and no obvious cleavage. The pale branching surface markings may be mineral veins, weathering rinds, or lichen rather than crystals.

Formation & geological history

A sedimentary rock formed when sand was deposited, compacted, and cemented, with later groundwater adding hematite or goethite cement; the exact geological age cannot be determined from the image. Oxidation during weathering produces the red-brown coloration.

Uses & applications

Used locally as building stone, aggregate, and occasionally decorative stone; ordinary specimens generally have little commercial or collector value.

Geological facts

Iron oxides can strongly stain the fingers and give sandstone a rusty red color. A streak test and acid test are more diagnostic than color alone.

Field identification & locations

Common in continental sandstones and weathered ironstone deposits worldwide. Look for visible sand grains, gritty texture, red-brown iron staining, and weak reaction to dilute hydrochloric acid; distinguish from basalt by its granular, layered or friable character.