mineral
Yellow Chalcedony / Carnelian
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
Mohs hardness 6.5-7, translucent yellow to orange-yellow color, waxy to vitreous luster, microcrystalline/cryptocrystalline structure, conchoidal fracture, specific gravity ~2.6
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Physical properties
Mohs hardness 6.5-7, translucent yellow to orange-yellow color, waxy to vitreous luster, microcrystalline/cryptocrystalline structure, conchoidal fracture, specific gravity ~2.6
Formation & geological history
Formed through low-temperature deposition of silica from water solutions in cavities, fractures, and vesicles of volcanic and sedimentary rocks.
Uses & applications
Popular for lapidary work, gemstones, cabochons, beads, carvings, and mineral collecting.
Geological facts
Yellow chalcedony belongs to the quartz family. When tinged with orange or red due to iron oxide impurities, it transitions into carnelian.
Field identification & locations
Look for a smooth, waxy luster, microcrystalline texture with no visible individual mineral grains, and translucent edges. Found in alluvial gravels, basaltic geodes, and sedimentary deposits worldwide.
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