mineral
Yellow Ochre / Limonite
Hydrated Iron(III) Oxide-Hydroxide (FeO(OH)·nH2O)
Hardness: 4.0-5.5 (Mohs); Color: Yellow to brownish-yellow; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal Structure: Amorphous or microcrystalline; Streak: Yellowish-brown.
- Hardness
- 4
- Color
- Yellow to brownish-yellow
- Luster
- Dull or earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 4.0-5.5 (Mohs); Color: Yellow to brownish-yellow; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal Structure: Amorphous or microcrystalline; Streak: Yellowish-brown.
Formation & geological history
Formed as a secondary mineral through the oxidation and weathering of iron-rich ores like magnetite or pyrite in shallow sedimentary environments or bog deposits.
Uses & applications
Primary source of yellow earth pigments for artists, coloring agent in ceramics, and historically used as an ore of iron.
Geological facts
Ochre is one of the oldest pigments used by humans, naturally found in cave paintings dating back over 30,000 years. It is chemically very similar to rust.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its distinctive yellow-brown 'mustard' color and earthy texture. It often leaves a yellow stain on hands when handled. Found globally in iron-rich soils and weathered rock outcrops.
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Schist
Metamorphic
Epidote
Epidote | Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)
metamorphic
Gypsum (variety Selenite or Alabaster)
Calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O)
Mineral
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite
Mineral/Rock
Granite
Granite (Phaneritic intrusive igneous rock)
igneous