mineral
Yellow Ochre
Goethite-rich clay (Hydrated Iron Oxide: FeO(OH)·nH₂O)
Hardness: 1 to 5 depending on clay content; Color: Yellow, brownish-yellow, mustard; Luster: Earthy, dull; Crystal Structure: Amorphous/massive to microcrystalline orthorhombic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.5 to 4.3
- Hardness
- 1 to 5 depending on clay content
- Color
- Yellow, brownish-yellow, mustard
- Luster
- Earthy, dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 1 to 5 depending on clay content; Color: Yellow, brownish-yellow, mustard; Luster: Earthy, dull; Crystal Structure: Amorphous/massive to microcrystalline orthorhombic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.5 to 4.3
Formation & geological history
Formed via the weathering, oxidation, and hydration of iron-bearing minerals like pyrite, siderite, and magnetite, commonly accumulating in sedimentary environments, bogs, and soils.
Uses & applications
Historically used as a natural pigment in art and cosmetics, ceramics, and coloring agents for paints and mortars.
Geological facts
Yellow ochre is one of the oldest pigments used by humans, extensively found in prehistoric cave paintings dating back tens of thousands of years.
Field identification & locations
Easily identified by its distinctive earthy yellow color, soft feel, and soil-like texture. Found worldwide in clay deposits and weathered iron ore zones.
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