mineral
Yellow Topaz
Aluminum silicate fluoride hydroxide, Al2SiO4(F,OH)2
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, yellow to orange color, vitreous luster, and an orthorhombic crystal system with perfect basal cleavage.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, yellow to orange color, vitreous luster, and an orthorhombic crystal system with perfect basal cleavage.
Formation & geological history
Forms in igneous rocks like granite pegmatites and in hydrothermal veins, often associated with high-temperature fluorine-bearing vapors.
Uses & applications
Widely used as a gemstone in high-end jewelry and valued as a birthstone for November.
Geological facts
Topaz is one of the naturally hardest minerals on Earth and can sometimes be confused with yellow quartz or citrine.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its high hardness, excellent cleavage, and specific crystal habits; commonly mined in Brazil, Sri Lanka, and Russia.
