gemstone
Yellow Topaz
Aluminum silicate fluoride hydroxide, Al2SiO4(F,OH)2
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectMohs hardness of 8; vitreous luster; yellow, orange, or brown color; orthorhombic crystal system; perfect basal cleavage.
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Physical properties
Mohs hardness of 8; vitreous luster; yellow, orange, or brown color; orthorhombic crystal system; perfect basal cleavage.
Formation & geological history
Forms in pegmatites and high-temperature hydrothermal veins, often associated with silicic igneous rocks like granite and rhyolite.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in high-end jewelry, gemstone collections, and industrial abrasive applications.
Geological facts
Topaz is one of the hardest naturally occurring minerals on Earth and serves as the index mineral for hardness 8 on the Mohs scale.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its distinct high hardness, vitreous luster, and orthorhombic prismatic crystals. Commonly sourced from Brazil, Pakistan, and the United States.
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