gemstone
Yellow Topaz
Aluminum silicate fluorohydroxide, Al2SiO4(F,OH)2
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, yellow to golden-brown color, vitreous luster, and an orthorhombic crystal system with perfect basal cleavage.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, yellow to golden-brown color, vitreous luster, and an orthorhombic crystal system with perfect basal cleavage.
Formation & geological history
Forms in pegmatites and high-temperature hydrothermal veins, often associated with silicic igneous rocks like granite and rhyolite.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in high-end jewelry as a gemstone, and valued by mineral collectors for its clarity and crystal form.
Geological facts
Topaz is the birthstone for November and is one of the naturally hardest minerals known, serving as the benchmark for 8 on the Mohs hardness scale.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its high hardness, distinctive yellow color, and heavy specific gravity. Commonly found in Brazil, Pakistan, Russia, and the United States.
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