igneous
Granite
Phaneritic Plutonic Felsic Rock (SiO2 > 69%)
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Gray, white, black (mottled appearance); Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (visible interlocking crystals); Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific gravity: 2.63-2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs
- Color
- Gray, white, black (mottled appearance)
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Gray, white, black (mottled appearance); Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (visible interlocking crystals); Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific gravity: 2.63-2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow cooling and solidification of magma at depth within the Earth's crust (plutonic). Typically associated with continental crust and mountain-building events over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction (countertops, flooring, monuments), aggregate in road building, and as a decorative stone in landscaping.
Geological facts
Granite makes up much of the Earth's continental crust. It is one of the hardest and most durable common stones, making it the preferred material for outdoor monuments and high-traffic kitchen surfaces.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by looking for a 'salt and pepper' appearance of interlocking minerals (clear quartz, white/pink feldspar, and dark biotite or hornblende). Found globally in mountainous regions and shield areas.
