Anthropogenic Specimen (Man Made)

Iron Slag

Anthropogenic pyrometallurgical residue

Slag (Industrial)

N/A (Anthropogenic Slag)

Green glass sphere/marble

Soda-lime glass (primarily SiO2, Na2O, CaO)

Carborundum (Silicon Carbide)

Silicon Carbide (SiC) / Moissanite (natural form)

Green Glass (often marketed as 'Obsidian' or 'Green Quartz')

Amorphous Silica (SiO2) with copper or chromium additives

Granodiorite

Granodiorite

Milky quartz (rough fragment)

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂)

Rock crystal (clear quartz), possibly cloudy quartz

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂)

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Polished blue-green glassy slag or coated mineral fragment

Most likely man-made colored glass/slag; exact composition cannot be determined visually

Goldstone (Red)

Aventurine Glass (SiO2 + Cu)

Painted River Pebble (likely Basalt or Greywacke)

Aphanitic Lithic Clast with Anthropogenic Pigment coating

Banded Slag Glass (Leland Blue/Frankfort Green style)

Anthropogenic Glass Specimen (Amorphous Silicon Dioxide with impurities)

Blue Crackle Quartz (Dyed Quarzite)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with artificial dye

Dyed Blue Agate (Dragon Vein Agate)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with artificial cobalt/organic dyes

Dyed Aura Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with metallic coating

Granite with Cupules / Bedrock Mortars

Granite (felsic intrusive plutonic rock)

Opalite

Synthetic glass (SiO2 + metal additions)

Slag (Industrial Byproduct)

Ferro-silicate glass (Slag)

Raw quartz crystal

Quartz (silicon dioxide, SiO₂), likely milky or included quartz

Metallic sulfide mineral fragment, likely galena

Galena (lead sulfide, PbS), tentative identification

Tumbled milky chalcedony (likely common opalite-like quartz)

Chalcedony, microcrystalline SiO₂; possibly pale common opal, hydrated SiO₂·nH₂O

Colorless quartz crystal (likely quartz fragment)

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂)

Green sea glass (likely)

Man-made glass, likely soda-lime silicate glass; not a natural mineral or rock

Opalite

Synthetic Opalised Glass

Chert Arrowhead

Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Obsidian (likely black volcanic glass)

Obsidian; primarily amorphous volcanic silica glass, approximately SiO₂-rich rhyolitic composition

Possible tektite or iron-rich slag-like natural specimen

Uncertain; possibly natural glass (tektite) or magnetite-rich rock

Cullet (Slag Glass)

Amorphous Silica (Industrial byproduct)

Opalite-style pendant (likely synthetic glass, not natural opal)

Opalescent glass; commonly sold as “opalite” (not a recognized mineral species)

Basalt

Basalt (Mafic Extrusive Igneous Rock)

Pink Cubic Zirconia (CZ)

Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Blue Goldstone

Synthetic Avanturine Glass (or Aventurine Glass)

Possible tektite or volcanic glass specimen

Natural silica glass; composition commonly near SiO₂, but exact identification requires chemical testing

Agate and millefiori glass jewelry

Agate: microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂); millefiori element appears to be man-made glass

Man-made Ceramic / Clay Figurine

Aluminosilicate Ceramic (Processed Clay)

Sea Glass (Uranium/Vaseline Glass variant)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with trace Uranium Oxide (U3O8)

Chert (Arrowhead/Projectile Point)

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO2)

Aventurine

Quartz containing inclusions of Fuchsite (SiO2 + K(Al,Cr)2AlSi3O10(OH)2)

Tumbled black stone, likely black obsidian

Obsidian; volcanic glass, typically rhyolitic composition (SiO₂-rich)

Man-made Blank Ammunition (Brass)

CuZn (Cartridge Brass - roughly 70% Copper, 30% Zinc)

Slag Glass (Cullet)

Amorphous Silica (man-made), primarily SiO2 with trace metal oxides