Industrial Byproduct (Anthropogenic Rock Like Material)

Chert (Nodule)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Colorless faceted gemstone, likely cubic zirconia

Cubic zirconia (synthetic ZrO₂), possibly glass or quartz

Chert (Flint / Agate Nodule)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Petrified Wood (Silicified Wood)

Silicified Wood / Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Milky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Amethyst cluster

Quartz, SiO₂; purple coloration is caused mainly by iron-related defects and natural irradiation

Ferruginous Sandstone (Ironstone)

Arenite with Limonite/Goethite cement

Chrysocolla (Copper Ore matrix)

Chrysocolla (Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4·nH2O)

Quartz with inclusions

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Garnet Schist

Almandine Garnet-Mica Schist (X₃Y₂(SiO₄)₃)

Pumice

Pumice (a highly vesicular volcanic rock)

Chert

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Agate

Agate (Silicon Dioxide - SiO2)

Weathered Basalt with Iron Staining

Aphanitic Mafic Volcanic Rock

Siltstone with Quartz Vein

Siltstone (primarily SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3)

Tumbled Agate

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Agate

Silicon Dioxide (Chalcedony), SiO2

Chert (Iron-stained Flint / Jasper)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2) with Iron Oxides

Red Chert (Jasper)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Ferruginous Sandstone

Clastic Sedimentary Rock with Iron Oxide Cement

Iron meteorite (probable)

Fe–Ni metallic meteorite, commonly kamacite–taenite

Porphyritic Basalt (or Andesite) containing Augite

Porphyritic Mafic Volcanic Rock

Red Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2 with hematite/iron oxide coating)

Chert / Flint

Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (Jasper/Flint variety)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Diorite

Intermediate Phaneritic Igneous Rock

Brecciated jasper

Silica-rich cryptocrystalline quartz (SiO₂), commonly with iron-oxide and clay-rich matrix

Shale (with Iron Oxide staining)

Fissile Mudstone (primarily Quartz and Clay minerals)

Basalt

Basalt (Aphanitic mafic volcanic rock)

Banded Iron Formation (BIF) with Quartz

Banded Iron Formation, often composed of alternating layers of hematite (Fe2O3) or magnetite (Fe3O4) and chert (microcrystalline quartz, SiO2)

Granite

Granite (Felsic Intrusive Igneous Rock)

Granite Cobble

Felsic Intrusive Igneous Rock

Chert (specifically Gray/Banded Chert)

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

River Quartz Pitting/Cobble

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

River Rock (Quartzite/Chert conglomerate)

Quartzite (SiO2)

Pebble (likely a type of sandstone or quartzite pebble)

Clastic Sediment (specifically, a rudite-sized clast). If the pebble is composed of a specific rock type, its scientific name would be that rock type (e.g., 'Quartzite pebble', 'Granite pebble', 'Chert pebble'). Given its appearance, it is likely a metamorphic quartzite pebble or a hard sandstone pebble.

Schorl (Black Tourmaline) in Pegmatite

Sodium Iron Aluminum Borosilicate (NaFe3Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)4)

Quartzite

Quartzite (primarily SiO2)

Sandstone (Ferruginous)

Arenite (Fe-bearing Clastic Sedimentary Rock)

Shale

Shale (Lutite)

Pumice

Pumice (Volcanic Rock / Glass Froth)

Honey Calcite

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)