Man Made Material (Jewelry, Metal Alloy)

Arsenopyrite

Arsenopyrite (FeAsS)

Turquoise

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O)

Granite

Felsic Plutonic Rock (primarily SiO2)

Quartz

Quartz (SiO₂)

Sandstone

Clastic Sedimentary Rock (composed mostly of quartz, SiO2)

Banded Iron Formation (BIF)

Banded Iron Formation (Magnetite-Hematite-Chert)

Sandstone

Quartz Arenite (a type of sandstone composed of more than 90% quartz)

Green Calcite

Calcite (CaCO3)

Quartzite

Quartzite (primarily SiO2)

Chert (Flint)

Chert (microcrystalline quartz)

Scoria (Basaltic Lava Rock)

Vesicular Basalt

Chert (Arrowhead Artifact)

Chert (SiO2)

Arsenic (Native)

Arsenic (As)

Limonite

FeO(OH)·nH2O (Hydrated iron oxide)

Quartz Geode/Druzy Quartz

Quartz (SiO₂)

Basalt (Vesicular)

Extrusive mafic igneous rock; primarily (Mg, Fe)2SiO4 (Olivine), CaAl2Si2O8 (Plagioclase Feldspar), and Pyroxene

Sandstone

Sandstone (lithified sand)

Basalt

Basalt (Aphanitic Mafic Igneous Rock)

Nephrite Jade

Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2

Blue Opal Inlay (Simulated/Lab-created)

Hydrated Amorphous Silica (SiO2·nH2O) with polymer resin

Mica Schist

Mica Schist (primarily composed of Muscovite, Biotite, and Quartz)

Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Chert (Flint)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Jasper with Hematite Inclusions

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Iron Oxide (Fe2O3)

Clear Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Pebble (likely Quartz or Chert)

SiO₂ (Silicon Dioxide) - referring to the likely main mineral composition, Quartz. If it's chert, the scientific name remains SiO₂ with a microcrystalline structure.

Red Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Hematite (Fe2O3) inclusions

Synthetic Convention Badge (Plastic/PVC)

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) / Polycarbonate

Septarian Nodule (Thunder Egg)

Septarian Concretion (CaCO3 + CaMg(CO3)2 + SiO2)

Porphyritic Basalt or Diabase with Plagioclase Phenocrysts

Porphyritic Basalt or Diabase; Mineral: Plagioclase Feldspar

Puddingstone (Jasper Conglomerate)

Conglomerate (specific type: Jasper Conglomerate or Hertfordshire Puddingstone)

Chert (Flint)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Ironstone Concretion / Goethite-Hematite Nodule

Goethite/Hematite (α-FeO(OH) / Fe2O3)

Granite

Granite (a common term for a felsic intrusive igneous rock)

Chert (Iron-stained)

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Banded Gneiss

Gneiss (typically quartz, feldspar, mica, amphibole composition)

Granodiorite

Granodiorite (Intermediate intrusive igneous rock)

Jade (specifically Nephrite or Jadeite beads)

Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2) or Jadeite (NaAlSi2O6)

Mica Schist

Mica Schist (contains Muscovite/Biotite, Quartz)

Basalt

Basalt (Mafic volcanic rock)

Sandstone

Arenite

Pyrite

Iron Sulfide (FeS2)