Man Made Material (Jewelry, Metal Alloy)

Chert (Common Opal/Jasper variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Sunstone

Plagioclase Feldspar (specifically Oligoclase variety containing hematite or goethite inclusions)", composition: (Ca,Na)(Al,Si)2Si2O8

Magnetite

Magnetite (Fe3O4)

Prase Quartz on Feldspar

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2) with Hedenbergite inclusions on Potassium Feldspar (KAlSi3O8)

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Rose Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with trace amounts of titanium, iron, or manganese

Chert (specifically White Chert or Flint)

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Turquoise (Dyed Howlite/Magnesite imitation)

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O (Target mineral) / Ca2B5SiO9(OH)5 (Actual specimen: Howlite)

Granite (Pegmatitic)

Phaneritic Felsic Igneous Rock

Quartzite

Quartzite (primarily SiO2)

Jade

There are two distinct minerals commonly known as Jade: Nephrite (a calcium magnesium silicate - Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2) and Jadeite (a sodium aluminum silicate - NaAlSi2O6). Based on the image showing a typically softer, more fibrous appearance, it is likely Nephrite.

Native Gold (in Jewelry)

Gold (Au)

Tufa

Calcareous Tufa (CaCO3)

Basalt with Quartz/Feldspar Vein

Amygdaloidal Basalt with Plutonic intrusion (SiO2/KAlSi3O8)

Chert (Jasper/Flint variety)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Slate

Slate (Foliated Metamorphic Rock)

Amazonite (Tumbled Chips)

Potassium Feldspar (KAlSi3O8)

Chalk

Micrite (primarily Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3)

Rutilated Quartz

SiO2 with TiO2 inclusions

Hematite (Oolitic or Earthy variety)

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Coquina

Biogenic Limestone (Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3)

Chert (Iron-stained)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Pyrite (Fool's Gold)

Iron Disulfide (FeS2)

Fluorite

Fluorite (Calcium Fluoride, CaF2)

Quartz

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide - SiO2)

Aquamarine with Sunstone

Aquamarine (Be3Al2Si6O18), Sunstone (Na,Ca)Al(Si,Al)Si2O8

Sandstone (likely Arkosic)

Clastic Sedimentary Rock (Sandstone)

Quartz-veined Siltstone

Siltstone with Quartz (SiO2) veins

Hematite Nodule

Hematite (Fe2O3)

Red Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Gold Nugget

Native Gold (Au)

Quartzite

Quartzite (SiO2)

Gold Nugget

Native Gold (Au)

Pyrite (Fool's Gold)

Iron Disulfide (FeS2)

Chert (Flint)

Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (varieties include Flint and Jasper)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Fancy Jasper

Chalcedony (cryptocrystalline quartz) with inclusions

Peridot

Olivine (Mg, Fe)2SiO4

Rutilated Quartz

Quartz (SiO2) with Rutile Inclusions (TiO2)

Gold Nugget

Native Gold (Au)

Jade (Nephrite or Jadeite)

Nephrite (Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2) or Jadeite (Na(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6)

Moissanite

Silicon Carbide (SiC)