Man Made Material

Slate

Slate (a fine-grained, foliated metamorphic rock). Mineral composition: Primarily composed of mica minerals (muscovite, chlorite, sericite) and quartz, with minor amounts of hematite, pyrite, and other accessory minerals.

Sandstone

Sandstone (lithified sand)

Sandstone

Arenite (mostly SiO2)

Tumbled chalcedony or quartz-rich stone

Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂; possibly pale chert or chalcedony

Likely galena-bearing ore specimen

Galena (PbS), possibly with quartz or calcite gangue

Red jasper-bearing breccia (probable)

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂) with iron-oxide coloration, in a brecciated host

Pearl

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) - mainly Aragonite with Conchiolin

Pyrite

Iron Pyrite (FeS₂)

Pebble (likely Quartz or Chert)

SiO₂ (Silicon Dioxide) - referring to the likely main mineral composition, Quartz. If it's chert, the scientific name remains SiO₂ with a microcrystalline structure.

Tumbled amethyst

Quartz, purple variety; silicon dioxide (SiO₂), colored mainly by iron impurities and irradiation

Small rounded pebble

Indeterminate lithic grain; likely weathered sandstone, iron-stained quartz-rich rock, or a concretion

Weathered, iron-stained quartz-rich pebble (uncertain identification)

Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂, with iron-oxide/hydroxide staining and dark matrix inclusions

Gypsum (Satin Spar / Alabaster variety)

Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O)

Botryoidal chalcedony (likely white quartz/chalcedony)

Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂; possibly partly altered carbonate or opaline silica

Synthetic Convention Badge (Plastic/PVC)

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) / Polycarbonate

Red gemstone ring, likely garnet or synthetic ruby

Possibly almandine garnet (Fe₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃) or corundum/ruby (Al₂O₃); image alone cannot distinguish

Quartzite

Metamorphic Quartzite (SiO2)

Limestone Pebble

Sedimentary Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Rounded brown-gray stone, possibly weathered conglomerate or sandstone

Indeterminate clastic sedimentary rock; likely poorly cemented sandstone/conglomerate

Quartzite

Metamorphic Quartz Rock (SiO2)

Gastropod shell fragment

Calcareous mollusk shell; primarily aragonite or calcite (CaCO₃)

Rounded gray river pebble, likely fine-grained sandstone or siltstone

Indeterminate clastic sedimentary rock; possibly quartz-rich sandstone or siltstone

Pearl

Aragonite / Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Fossilized shell fragment

Indeterminate fossil mollusk; likely a silicified or mineral-replaced bivalve/gastropod fragment

Quartzite

Metamorphic Quartzite (SiO2)

Chert (Flint)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Granite

Granite (a common rock type, not a single mineral; composed primarily of Quartz, Feldspar (Orthoclase and Plagioclase), and Mica (Biotite and/or Muscovite) and/or Amphibole)

Chalk

Micrite (primarily Calcium Carbonate or CaCO3)

Puddingstone (Jasper Conglomerate)

Conglomerate (specific type: Jasper Conglomerate or Hertfordshire Puddingstone)

Quartz

Quartz (SiO2)

Quartz

SiO₂ (Silicon Dioxide)

Gravelly, weathered sediment (likely glacial till)

Unconsolidated diamicton; mixed lithologies, commonly including quartz, feldspar, and weathered silicate rock fragments

Pearl

Organic gemstone (Calcium carbonate - CaCO3)

Likely weathered iron-rich stone

Uncertain; possibly limonite/goethite-bearing rock

Iron-stained quartzite or quartz-rich sandstone

Quartzite, predominantly SiO₂, with iron-oxide staining

Basaltic volcanic pebble

Fine-grained mafic igneous rock, chiefly plagioclase and pyroxene, commonly with olivine and iron-titanium oxides

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Quartzite

Metamorphic Quartzite (SiO2)

Pyrite

Iron Sulfide (FeS2)

Diamond

Diamond (pure carbon C)

Vesicular Rhyolite

Rhyolite (High-silica volcanic rock)