Man Made Object (Metalwork)

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood / Xylopal

Obsidian

Obsidian (volcanic glass)

Yellow Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Goethite/Iron Oxide inclusions

Obsidian

Obsidian

Lapis Lazuli (in Matrix)

Na8[Al6Si6O24]S2 (Lazurite as the primary component)

Amber

Succinates (Organic Fossilized Resin)

Turquoise

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium - CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Howlite

Calcium borosilicate hydroxide (Ca2B5SiO9(OH)5)

Nephrite Jade

Tremolite-Actinolite solid solution series (Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)

White Jade (Nephrite)

Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)

Anthracite Coal

Anthracite (Carbon-rich metamorphic coal)

Amethyst

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Iron impurities

Grey Chalcedony (Agate)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Carnelian

Carnelian (a variety of Chalcedony, which is a microcrystalline quartz, SiO2)

Red Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Hematite inclusions

Moonstone

Orthoclase Feldspar (KAlSi3O8) or Albite mixtures

Tiger's Eye

Pseudomorph of Quartz after Crocidolite (SiO2 with iron inclusions)

Quartz

Silicon dioxide (SiO₂)

Amethyst

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide)

White Marble

Recrystallized Calcite (CaCO3)

Pearl (Biogenic Mineraloid)

Calcium carbonate (Aragonite) and Conchiolin, CaCO3

Chert (specifically Yellow/Brown Chert or Flint)

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Unakite-like jasper / epidote–feldspar rock

Epidote–feldspar–quartz aggregate; commonly marketed as unakite or brecciated jasper

Unidentified gray stone

Likely quartz-rich stone; exact identification is not possible from the image

Sodalite

Na8(Al6Si6O24)Cl2

Amethyst crystal cluster

Amethyst, purple quartz (SiO₂) colored mainly by iron impurities and irradiation

Carnelian (red chalcedony)

Chalcedony, microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), iron-oxide colored variety

Turquoise carving

Turquoise, hydrated copper–aluminum phosphate: CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Polished turquoise

Turquoise — hydrated copper–aluminum phosphate, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Yellow chalcedony (likely heat-treated or resin-coated)

Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂

Sodalite

Sodalite (Na8(Al6Si6O24)Cl2)

Aventurine

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide with Fuchsite inclusions)

Sodalite

Sodalite (Na8(Al6Si6O24)Cl2)

Jasper (Red Jasper)

Jasper (SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide with iron inclusions)

Clear Quartz (Rock Crystal)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Orange Calcite

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Black Onyx

Black Chalcedony (SiO2)

Malachite

Malachite (Copper Carbonate Hydroxide, Cu2CO3(OH)2)

Picture Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxide and clay inclusions

Optical Calcite

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Optical Calcite (Iceland Spar)

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Green Banded Chert (Agate/Jasper)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with trace impurities of Chlorite or Glauconite