Man Made Object (Simulant)

Pyrite

Iron Disulfide (FeS2)

Pearl-embellished decorative cross

Pearl (biogenic calcium carbonate, predominantly aragonite) with rhinestone-mounted glass or synthetic gemstones

Goldstone

Avventurina (Cu + SiO2 glass)

Tumbled orbicular jasper

Orbicular jasper; microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂) with iron oxides and feldspathic/chalcedony inclusions

Polished black stone, likely black obsidian

Obsidian (volcanic glass), primarily silica-rich rhyolitic composition

Blue chalcedony (likely dyed or coated)

Chalcedony, microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂)

Dalmatian jasper

Dalmatian stone; commonly a leucocratic alkali-feldspar-rich igneous rock with arfvedsonite or aegirine inclusions

Polished agate, likely carnelian/fire agate

Microcrystalline quartz (chalcedony), SiO₂, colored by iron oxides/hydroxides

Serpentinite

Serpentinite; chiefly serpentine-group minerals (chrysotile, lizardite, antigorite), commonly with magnetite, brucite, and relict olivine/pyroxene

Polished red jasper

Jasper, microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂) colored by iron oxides

Polished pink chalcedony (likely pink agate/geode)

Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂; chalcedony with iron-bearing inclusions and possible druzy quartz

Serpentine (likely serpentinized ultramafic rock)

Serpentine-group minerals, chiefly antigorite, lizardite, or chrysotile; commonly derived from peridotite

Obsidian

Volcanic Glass (Amorphous Silicon Dioxide)

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood / Xylopal

Obsidian

Obsidian (volcanic glass)

Yellow Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Goethite/Iron Oxide inclusions

Obsidian

Obsidian

Lapis Lazuli (in Matrix)

Na8[Al6Si6O24]S2 (Lazurite as the primary component)

Turquoise

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium - CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Amber

Succinates (Organic Fossilized Resin)

White Jade (Nephrite)

Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)

Howlite

Calcium borosilicate hydroxide (Ca2B5SiO9(OH)5)

Nephrite Jade

Tremolite-Actinolite solid solution series (Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)

Anthracite Coal

Anthracite (Carbon-rich metamorphic coal)

Amethyst

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Iron impurities

Grey Chalcedony (Agate)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Carnelian

Carnelian (a variety of Chalcedony, which is a microcrystalline quartz, SiO2)

Red Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Hematite inclusions

Tiger's Eye

Pseudomorph of Quartz after Crocidolite (SiO2 with iron inclusions)

Moonstone

Orthoclase Feldspar (KAlSi3O8) or Albite mixtures

Quartz

Silicon dioxide (SiO₂)

Amethyst

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide)

Pearl (Biogenic Mineraloid)

Calcium carbonate (Aragonite) and Conchiolin, CaCO3

White Marble

Recrystallized Calcite (CaCO3)

Chert (specifically Yellow/Brown Chert or Flint)

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Unakite-like jasper / epidote–feldspar rock

Epidote–feldspar–quartz aggregate; commonly marketed as unakite or brecciated jasper

Unidentified gray stone

Likely quartz-rich stone; exact identification is not possible from the image

Turquoise carving

Turquoise, hydrated copper–aluminum phosphate: CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Yellow chalcedony (likely heat-treated or resin-coated)

Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂

Carnelian (red chalcedony)

Chalcedony, microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), iron-oxide colored variety

Polished turquoise

Turquoise — hydrated copper–aluminum phosphate, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Amethyst crystal cluster

Amethyst, purple quartz (SiO₂) colored mainly by iron impurities and irradiation