Polished orbicular jasper (likely ocean jasper)
Silicified microcrystalline quartz/chalcedony (SiO₂), with iron-oxide and other mineral inclusions
gemstone
Category
Man Made Object (Simulant)
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Polished tiger iron
Tiger iron; interlayered hematite, jasper, and crocidolite-quartz (often riebeckite)
metamorphic
Blue chalcedony (likely common blue agate)
Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂; chalcedony variety
mineral
Milky quartz with iron-oxide staining
Quartz (silicon dioxide, SiO₂), commonly intergrown massive quartz
mineral
Polished red gemstone pendant, likely red jasper or brecciated jasper
Jasper: microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), commonly with hematite or iron-oxide inclusions
metamorphic
Tumbled Dalmatian jasper
Quartz-rich alkali rhyolite, commonly marketed as Dalmatian jasper; chiefly quartz, feldspar, and dark amphibole/biotite inclusions
igneous
Agate
Silicon Dioxide (Chalcedony), SiO2
sedimentary
Orange Calcite
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)
mineral
Green Onyx (Carved Mushroom)
Calcite / Banded Calcite (often commercially sold as 'Mexican Onyx')
sedimentary
Green Aventurine
Quartz (SiO2) with fuchsite inclusions
mineral
Agate Nodule (Chalcedony)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Cryptocrystalline Quartz
mineral
Red Jasper
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxide inclusions
sedimentary
Banded Agate
Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)
sedimentary
Anthracite Coal
Anthracite coal (High-rank coal)
sedimentary
Green Aventurine
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Fuchsite inclusions
metamorphic
Yellow Jade (often Serpentine or Dolomite)
Primarily Serpentine (Mg3Si2O5(OH)4) or Dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2), though the term 'yellow jade' is also sometimes applied to varieties of true nephrite or jadeite.
Mineral, often a rock given its aggregate nature
Blue Chalcedony
Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)
mineral
Nephrite Jade (or Serpentine)
Nephrite (a variety of amphibole mineral tremolite-actinolite) or Serpentine Group minerals
Mineral/Rock
Blue Chalcedony
Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)
mineral
Red Jasper
Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂)
Sedimentary Rock (Cryptocrystalline Quartz)
Lapis Lazuli
Lapis Lazuli (Complex aggregate including Lazurite: (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2)
metamorphic
Himalayan Salt (Halite)
Halite (NaCl) with trace minerals
mineral
Chert (Flint)
Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)
sedimentary
Diamond
Carbon (C)
mineral
Chert (Arrowhead Fragment)
Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)
sedimentary
Chert (specifically Black Chert or Flint)
Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)
sedimentary
Flint / Chert
Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)
sedimentary
Chert / Flint
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
sedimentary
Limestone
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)
sedimentary
Chert / Flint
Cryptocrystalline quartz (SiO2)
sedimentary
Marble
Recrystallized Calcite (CaCO3)
metamorphic
Chert Pebble/Nodule
Chert (a microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline sedimentary form of quartz, SiO2)
Sedimentary
Rough Diamond
Diamond (Pure Carbon: C)
mineral
Calcite
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)
mineral
Crazy Lace Agate
Silicon dioxide (SiO2) - a variety of banded Chalcedony (cryptocrystalline quartz)
mineral
Green Aventurine
Quartz (SiO2) with Fuchsite inclusions
Mineral
Calcite
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)
mineral
Optical Calcite (Iceland Spar)
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)
mineral
Honey-colored chalcedony (rough agate/chert)
Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂; likely chalcedony with iron-oxide staining
mineral
Diamond
Carbon (C)
gemstone
White Marble
Metamorphic Limestone (CaCO3)
metamorphic
Pyrite
Iron Disulfide (FeS2)
Mineral