Man Made Object (Simulant)

Basalt (Vesicular or Porphyritic)

Basalt (composed primarily of plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, and olivine)

River Pebbles (Stream-rounded rocks)

Fluvial Detritus (varied mineralogy)

Rough Quartz (Alluvial Pebbles)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Basalt (tumbled/river-worn)

Mafic volcanic rock (primarily plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene)

Agate Geode

Banded Chalcedony (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2) with Quartz crystals

Banded Iron Formation (BIF) / Iron Ore

Hematite-Magnetite BIF (Fe2O3 / Fe3O4 mixed with SiO2)

Chert (varietal: Flint or River Pebble)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂)

Quartzite Pebble

Quartzite (primarily SiO2)

Quartzite

Quartzite (primarily SiO2)

Olivine (Peridot)

Magnesium Iron Silicate (Mg, Fe)2SiO4

Olivine (Peridot)

Magnesium Iron Silicate ((Mg, Fe)2SiO4)

Orange Quartz with Hematite inclusions

Quartz (SiO2) with Hematite (Fe2O3) inclusions

Chert (Smooth River Pebble)

Microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Bauxite

Bauxite (principal ore of aluminum, primarily Al(OH)3)

Granite Cobble

Phaneritic Plutonic Felsic Rock

Water and Silt (Sedimentary Environment)

Suspended Sediment / H2O (dihydrogen monoxide)

Slag (Industrial Glass/Byproduct)

Anthropogenic Vitreous Silicate

Gold Nugget

Native Gold (Au)

Rhodonite

Manganese Silicate (Mn,Fe,Mg,Ca)SiO3

Pearl

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) - mainly Aragonite and Calcite

Rhodonite

Manganese silicate (Mn,Fe,Mg,Ca)SiO3

Pink Thulite (Zoisite)

Ca2Al3(SiO4)3(OH) - Manganese-bearing Zoisite

Rhodonite

Rhodonite (Manganese Iron Magnesium Calcium Silicate) - (Mn+2,Fe+2,Mg,Ca)SiO3

Pyrope Garnet

Magnesium aluminum silicate (Mg3Al2Si3O12)

Rhodonite

Rhodonite (Manganese Iron Magnesium Calcium Silicate)

Peridot

Olivine (Magnesium Iron Silicate), (Mg, Fe)2SiO4

Sandstone (Quartzose)

Arenite (SiO2 based)

Quartz Pebble (often referred to as 'Sea Glass' or 'River Stone' when worn smooth)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Bauxite

Bauxite (Al(OH)3, γ-AlO(OH), and α-AlO(OH))

Quartzite

Quartzite (90%+ SiO2)

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Lepidolite on Pegmatite

Lepidolite (K(Li,Al)3(Al,Si,Rb)4O10(F,OH)2) in Granitic Pegmatite

Red Sandstone

Arenite (Ferruginous Sandstone)

Orthoclase Feldspar

KAlSi3O8 (Potassium Aluminum Silicate)

Fossiliferous Limestone (Shell Fragment)

Biogenic Limestone (Calcium Carbonate / CaCO3)

Potassium Feldspar

Orthoclase (KAlSi3O8)

Granite Pegmatite

Coarse-grained Granite (SiO2 - Aluminum and Alkalies)

Granite

Phaneritic Igneous Rock (Granite)

Granite Cobble

Plutonic Igneous Rock (Granitic)

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Olivine (Peridotite)

Magnesium Iron Silicate - (Mg, Fe)2SiO4

Olivine in Basalt (Peridot)

Magnesium Iron Silicate (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 (Mineral) / Scoriaceous Basalt (Host Rock)