Mineral (Biogenic)

Red Vanadinite on Matrix

Vanadinite (Pb5(VO4)3Cl)

Chalcedony or Chert/Jasper with secondary mineral staining

SiO2 (for chalcedony/quartz) with possible secondary copper minerals (e.g., CuSiO3·nH2O for chrysocolla, Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 for malachite) or iron oxides/hydroxides.

Shark Tooth Fossil

Elasmobranchii dentition (fossilized)

Sandstone Beach Pebble

Clastic sedimentary rock (SiO2 with iron oxide cement)

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (SiO2)

Milky Quartz Pebble

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Diamond

Diamond (Pure Carbon - C)

Diamond

Diamond (C)

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Quartz (Water-worn Pebble)

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Gold and Diamond

Native Gold (Au) and Diamond (C)

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Raw Diamond

Carbon (C)

Basalt with Quartz/Calcite Veins

Extrusive mafic igneous rock with hydrothermal mineralization

Shale

Shale (comprised mostly of clay minerals and quartz)

Prehnite on Basalt

Prehnite - Ca2Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)2

Chrysocolla on Quartz

Chrysocolla (Cu2−xAlx(H2−xSi2O5)(OH)4·nH2O) often associated with Quartz (SiO2)

Greenschist

Greenschist (Chlorite-Epidote-Actinolite Schist)

Breccia

Breccia (Clastic Sedimentary Rock)

Basalt

Basalt (Mafic volcanic rock)

Schist

Mica Schist

Sandstone (River Cobble)

Clastic Sedimentary Rock (primarily Quartz with Feldspar)

Basalt

Extrusive mafic volcanic rock

Granite

Phaneritic Igneous Rock (Granite)

Quartzite

Quartzite (primarily SiO2)

Granite (Weathered)

Phaneritic Felsic Igneous Rock

Granite

Granite (Phaneritic igneous rock consisting of Quartz, Feldspar, and Mica)

Granite Pebble

Granite (Phaneritic intrusive igneous rock)

Granite

Phaneritic Igneous Rock (Granite)

Basalt (with possible Olivine inclusions)

Mafic Igneous Rock (primarily Plagioclase and Pyroxene)

Basalt

Basalt (composition predominately plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene)

Biotite Granite

Phaneritic Felsic Igneous Rock

Gneiss

Metamorphic Rock (Gneissic texture)

Greenschist

Chlorite schist (Metamorphic rock dominated by chlorite, epidote, and actinolite)

Granite

Phaneritic plutonic rock (Quartz, Alkali Feldspar, and Plagioclase)

Fluorite

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)

Granite

Phaneritic plutonic rock (Quartz, Feldspar, Mica)

Granite

Granite (compositional mixture of Quartz, Feldspar, and Mica)

Basalt

Basalt (Mafic volcanic rock)

Concretion or Geode (unbroken)

Varied (depending on mineral composition and cementing agent). For quartz-lined geodes, the scientific name of the dominant mineral would be Quartz (SiO2). For calcite-lined geodes, Calcite (CaCO3). Concretions are often composed of cryptocrystalline quartz (chert), calcite, or iron oxides.

Garnet

Garnet Group (Silicate mineral); general formula X3Y2(SiO4)3

Granite

Phaneritic Igneous Rock (composed primarily of Quartz, Alkali Feldspar, and Plagioclase)