Mineral (Man Modified)

Jade (likely Jadeite or Nephrite)

Jadeite (NaAlSi2O6) or Nephrite (Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)

Blue-dyed howlite beads (likely)

Howlite, Ca₂B₅SiO₉(OH)₅, commonly dyed blue to imitate turquoise

Weathered iron-stained quartzite or jasper

Quartzite dominated by quartz (SiO₂), with iron oxides/hydroxides such as hematite and limonite

Limonite (with goethite)

Hydrated Iron(III) Oxide-Hydroxide (FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Smoky quartz (likely)

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂), naturally irradiated variety

Limonite (Iron Ore)

Hydrated ferric oxide mixture (FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Malachite

Malachite — Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂, hydrated copper carbonate

Citrine or Yellow Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron impurities

Quartz Vein in Host Rock

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Milky quartz fragments

Quartz (silicon dioxide, SiO₂)

Limonite (Iron Ore)

Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Metallic sulfide mineral fragment, likely bornite or chalcopyrite

Bornite (Cu₅FeS₄) or chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂)

Granite with Epidote

Granite, containing quartz, feldspar, and epidote

Blue mineral specimen, likely bornite (“peacock ore”)

Bornite, Cu5FeS4, possibly iridescent chalcopyrite (CuFeS2)

Fluorite

Calcium fluoride (CaF2)

Gold Nugget

Native Gold (Au)

Weathered gneiss

Banded gneiss, commonly composed of quartz, feldspar, and mica

Fossilized Coral (Petoskey Stone or Rugose Coral)

Antophyllum (Hexagonaria) or Scleractinia (CaCO3)

Chalcedony

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Limonite pseudo-concretion (Ironstone)

Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH2O) / Goethite

Fluorite

Calcium fluoride (CaF2)

Native Copper

Native Copper (Cu)

Diorite

Diorite (intermediate plutonic rock)

Banded Gneiss

Gneiss (High-grade regional metamorphic rock)

Quartz Druze

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Tumbled white quartz

Quartz (silicon dioxide, SiO₂), likely milky quartz

Polished pink granite cobble

Granite, chiefly potassium feldspar, plagioclase, quartz, and biotite/hornblende

Peacock Ore

Bornite (Cu5FeS4)

Orthoclase Feldspar

Orthoclase (KAlSi3O8)

Actinolite (likely fibrous amphibole)

Actinolite, Ca₂(Mg,Fe)₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂; possibly an actinolite–tremolite specimen

Botryoidal Chalcedony

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Milky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Gold Nugget

Native Gold (Au)

Banded Gneiss

Gneiss (typically quartz, feldspar, mica, amphibole composition)

Limonite Concretion

FeO(OH)·nH2O (Hydrated Iron Oxide)

Milky Quartz

Quartz (SiO2)

Sandstone

Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)

Polished black gemstone, likely black obsidian

Obsidian (volcanic glass), chiefly silica-rich amorphous SiO₂

Pink Feldspar (Orthoclase)

Orthoclase Feldspar (KAlSi3O8)

Small white quartz fragment

Quartz (silicon dioxide, SiO₂)

Limonite / Ironstone

Limonite (Hydrated Iron Oxide) - FeO(OH)·nH2O

Pyrite (Fool's Gold)

Iron Sulfide (FeS2)