Mineral (Or Mineraloid If Microcrystalline)

Carnelian

Carnelian (a variety of Chalcedony, SiO ₂)

Jasper and Aquamarine (likely)

Jasper (Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)), Aquamarine (Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18))

Jade

Jade can refer to two distinct minerals: Nephrite (a variety of the mineral actinolite, Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2) and Jadeite (Na(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6). Based on the image, showing a relatively uniform green color and possibly slight translucence in bead form, it is very likely one of these, but determining which one from a photo is difficult without specific testing.

Agate (or Banded Agate)

Agate (a variety of Chalcedony, which is a cryptocrystalline form of Quartz); Chemical Formula: SiO₂ (Silicon Dioxide)

Geode with Iron-Stained Quartz/Calcite

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) or Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) in Sedimentary Matrix

Calcite (or Alabaster, if truly carved)

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Red Jasper

Jasper (Silicon Dioxide with Iron Oxide inclusions, SiO2)

Diamond Druzy (Crystalline Diamond)

Carbon (C)

African Turquoise

Teal Jasper (Macro-crystalline Quartz/Sio2 + Inclusions of Copper, Iron, and Manganese)

Crushed Stone (Gravel/Aggregates)

Crushed rock aggregate (varied composition including Granite, Limestone, and Quartz)

Greenstone

Greenschist / Greenstone (Chlorite-Epidote facies)

Smoky Quartz (with Druzy/Polished Edge)

Smoky Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Ferruginous Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Iron Oxide inclusions

Sandstone

Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily SiO2)

Obsidian

Obsidian (volcanic glass), primarily SiO2 (silicon dioxide)

Osumilite in Granite Matrix

(K,Na)(Fe,Mg)2(Al,Fe)3(Si,Al)12O30

Banded River Rock / Gneiss (highly weathered)

Gneiss

Amber

Succinite

Amber (specifically Red or Cherry Amber)

Succinite (Resinite); Chemical formula: C10H16O

Amber

Succinite (Approximate formula: C10H16O)

Amber

Succinite (with approximate formula C10H16O)

Mahogany Obsidian

Volcanic Glass (predominantly SiO2 with inclusions of Hematite or Magnetite)

Amber / Copal

Succinite (fossilized resin)

Amber

Succinite (a variety of fossilized tree resin); chemical formula appx. C10H16O

Amber

Succinite (a fossilized organic resin containing succinic acid)

Baltic Amber

Succinite (Polmerized conifer resin)

Amber

Succinite (specific to Baltic amber), fossilized tree resin

Amber

Succinite (fossilized resin); C10H16O

Pegmatite (likely Granitic Pegmatite)

Pegmatite (a coarse-grained igneous rock, often with granitic composition)

White Opal

Hydrated Amorphous Silica (SiO2·nH2O)

Banded Gneiss

Gneiss (pronounced 'nice')

Amber

Succinite (Fossilized Tree Resin)

Gneiss

Gneiss (a type of metamorphic rock)

Pearl

Calcium Carbonate (Aragonite or Calcite) and Conchiolin

Amber

Succinite (specifically for Baltic amber); Fossilized Tree Resin (C10H16O)

Greisen

Greisen

Slag Glass (Cullet)

Amorphous Silica (man-made), primarily SiO2 with trace metal oxides

Amber

Succinite (specifically for Baltic amber; general formula C10H16O)

Snowflake Obsidian

Volcanic Glass with Cristobalite inclusions

Ferruginous Slag (Iron Smelting Byproduct)

Anthropogenic Vitreous Silicate (often containing Fayalite: Fe2SiO4)

Fulgurite

Fulgurite (Lechatelierite)

Obsidian

Obsidian (Volcanic Glass, SiO2 + impurities)