Mineral (Primary Constituent)

Gold (Elemental Metal)

Gold (Au)

Magnetite

Magnetite (Fe3O4)

Diamond

Diamond (Carbon, C)

Chalcopyrite

Chalcopyrite (CuFeS2)

Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Lapis Lazuli

Lapis Lazuli (Primary mineral: Lazurite, (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2)

Sapphire (Corundum)

Corundum (Al2O3), variety Sapphire

Quartz

Quartz (SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide)

Schist

N/A (a rock type, not a mineral formula)

Biotite Mica

Biotite, K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(F,OH)2

Quartz (likely a form of massive or vein quartz)

Quartz (SiO₂)

Jadeite Jade

Jadeite (Sodium Aluminum Silicate, NaAlSi₂O₆)

Peridot (likely, based on color and appearance)

Olivine group mineral, specifically (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 (Forsterite-Fayalite solid solution series)

African Turquoise (Jasper)

Polychrome African Jasper (often marketed as 'African Turquoise' due to its color, but it is not true turquoise)

Rock

Basalt

Basalt (Mafic volcanic rock)

Laterite (iron-rich nodule, possibly Bauxite as a subtype)

Laterite (composed of various minerals including goethite, hematite, gibbsite, etc.)

Sedimentary

Biotite Mica

Biotite (K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(F,OH)2)

Biotite Mica

K(Mg,Fe2+)3(Al,Fe3+)Si3O10(OH,F)2

Tiger's Eye

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) with fibrous inclusions of crocidolite

Lapis Lazuli

Lapis Lazuli (Primary mineral: Lazurite (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(SO4,S,Cl)2)

K2 Jasper (Beads)

Granodiorite with Azurite and Malachite

Mineral, specifically a rock fragment

River/Stream Pebble

Clast / Detrital Grain / Rounded Sedimentary Particle (Compositionally variable, commonly Quartz, Feldspar, Chert, or other resistant rock fragments)

Hematite

Hematite (Fe2O3)

Bloodstone

Heliotrope (a variety of Chalcedony, SiO₂ with inclusions)

Metamorphic Rock

Cinnabar

Cinnabar (HgS)

Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Diamond

Carbon (C), specifically in an isometric crystal system.

Milky Quartz

Quartz (SiO₂)

Shale with Vein Infillings

Shale (a fine-grained clastic sedimentary rock). The veins could be Calcite (CaCO3), Quartz (SiO2), or other minerals.

Sedimentary Rock

Granite (Alkali-feldspar Granite)

Felsic Plutonic Rock (Primary minerals: Quartz SiO2, Orthoclase KAlSi3O8, Plagioclase (Na,Ca)AlSi3O8)

Tiger's Eye

Tiger's Eye (a variety of Chalcedony, which is cryptocrystalline quartz). Chemical Formula: SiO2 with inclusions of crocidolite fibers.

Granite

Granite (a broadly defined plutonic igneous rock, often more specifically classified as quartz monzonite or granodiorite based on precise mineral percentages)

Chert (or possibly Flint)

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide)

Sedimentary Rock

Leopardskin Jasper

Jasper (a variety of microcrystalline Quartz)

Sedimentary

Smoky Quartz

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide)

Green Aventurine

Aventurine Quartz (SiO2 with fuchsite inclusions)

Mineral (variety of Chalcedony)

Bloodstone / Heliotrope

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) with inclusions

Epidote (or Epidote-rich rock)

Epidote. Mineral formula: Ca2(Al,Fe)3(SiO4)3(OH).

Mineral, often found in metamorphic rocks but also in sedimentary and igneous rocks

Quartz

Quartz (SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide)

Amethyst Geode/Cluster

Quartz (SiO2) - variety Amethyst

Pyrite

Pyrite (Iron Disulfide), FeS2