Mineral (Primary Constituent)

Quartz

Quartz (SiO₂)

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Laterite

Laterite (no specific mineral formula as it's a rock type)

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2 based with primary clasts 0.0625 to 2 mm)

Rhodonite

Rhodonite (MnSiO3)

Galena

Lead(II) sulfide (PbS)

Red Jasper (possibly)

Jasper (a variety of Chalcedony, SiO2)

Sandstone (likely Graywacke or Lithic Sandstone)

Arenite / Wacke (SiO2 based with lithic fragments)

Seraphinite

Clinochlore (Mg,Fe)5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 - specific variety for Seraphinite due to its fibrous inclusions and chatoyancy.

Green Aventurine

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Fuchsite inclusions

Synthetic Blue Aura Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Metallic Infusion

Orange Tabby (Felis catus)

Felis silvestris catus (variety: Red Mackerel Tabby)

Banded Iron Formation

Banded Iron Formation (BIF)

Rutilated Quartz (or Tourmalinated Quartz if inclusions are Tourmaline)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Rutile (TiO2) or Tourmaline inclusions

Lapis Lazuli

A metamorphic rock primarily composed of lazurite (Na,Ca)8[(S,SO4,Cl)2|(Al6Si6O24)], calcite (CaCO3), and pyrite (FeS2).

Amethyst

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide) - a variety of Quartz

Quartz (likely macrocrystalline variety)

Quartz (SiO₂)

Jadeite Jade

NaAlSi2O6 (Sodium Aluminum Silicate)

Banded Iron Formation (BIF) with Quartz

Banded Iron Formation, often composed of alternating layers of hematite (Fe2O3) or magnetite (Fe3O4) and chert (microcrystalline quartz, SiO2)

Blue Quartzite

Blue Quartzite (Primary mineral: Quartz, SiO2 with magnesio-riebeckite or crocidolite inclusions)

Red Sandstone (Siltstone/Mudstone variety)

Ferruginous Sandstone (composed primarily of Quartz with Hematite cementation)

Labradorite (tumbled)

Labradorite (a plagioclase feldspar mineral between anorthite and albite; chemical formula: (Ca,Na)(Si,Al)4O8)

Obsidian

Volcanic Glass (Primary composition: SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide)

Zircon

Zircon (ZrSiO4)

Sugilite

Sugilite (KNa2(Fe,Mn,Al)2Li3Si12O30)

Garnet-Mica Schist

Schist (variety with Almandine Garnet, Fe3Al2(SiO4)3)

Opalite

Synthetic Opalised Glass

Nephrite Jade

Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)

Schist

Mica Schist (variety: Muscovite/Biotite Schist)

Peridot

Olivine ((Mg,Fe)2SiO4)

Clay (as a rock-forming material)

Clay minerals (e.g., Kaolinite group, Smectite group, Illite group, Chlorite group)

Concretion or Geode (unbroken)

Varied (depending on mineral composition and cementing agent). For quartz-lined geodes, the scientific name of the dominant mineral would be Quartz (SiO2). For calcite-lined geodes, Calcite (CaCO3). Concretions are often composed of cryptocrystalline quartz (chert), calcite, or iron oxides.

Shale or Slate with Quartz Veins

Shale (fine-grained clastic sedimentary rock) or Slate (low-grade metamorphic rock formed from shale) with Quartz (SiO2) veins

Amethyst and Limestone

Amethyst (SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide) and Limestone (CaCO3 - Calcium Carbonate)

Chert (also known as Flint or Common Chalcedony)

Cryptocrystalline Silica (SiO2)

Rose Quartz

Rose Quartz (SiO₂)

Limonite (Iron Ore)

Limonite (an FeO(OH)·nH2O mineraloid, not a true mineral due to variable composition)

Quartz

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide - SiO2)

Aquamarine

Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18), specifically the blue-green variety

Desert Varnish (on Sandstone)

Rock Varnish (composed of Manganese oxides, Iron oxides, and Clay minerals)

Malachite

Malachite (Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 - a copper carbonate hydroxide mineral)

Diamond

Diamond (pure carbon; C)