Mineral Based Composite

Iron Meteorite

Iron-nickel alloy (primarily kamacite and taenite)

Concretion or Geode (unbroken)

Varied (depending on mineral composition and cementing agent). For quartz-lined geodes, the scientific name of the dominant mineral would be Quartz (SiO2). For calcite-lined geodes, Calcite (CaCO3). Concretions are often composed of cryptocrystalline quartz (chert), calcite, or iron oxides.

Sandstone (with possibly iron oxides and other minerals)

Sandstone

Serpentinite

Serpentinite (composed primarily of Serpentine group minerals: (Mg, Fe, Ni, Al, Zn, Mn)2-3(Si, Al, Fe)2O5(OH)4)

Serpentinite

Serpentinite (composed primarily of Serpentine group minerals: (Mg,Fe,Ni,Al,Zn,Mn)2-3(Si,Al,Fe)2O5(OH)4)

Serpentinite

Serpentinite (composed primarily of Serpentine group minerals, (Mg,Fe,Ni,Al,Zn,Mn)2-3(Si,Al,Fe)2O5(OH)4)

Jade (Nephrite or Jadeite)

Nephrite (Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2) or Jadeite (Na(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6)

Basalt

Basalt (extrusive igneous rock)

Lapis Lazuli

Lapis Lazuli (a rock type, not a single mineral; main component is Lazurite (Na,Ca)8[(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2|(Al6Si6O24)])

Ruby in Zoisite

Ruby (α-Al2O3) embedded in Zoisite (Ca2Al3(SiO4)3(OH)) with some Hornblende

Pebble (likely Quartzite or Chert)

Clastic Sediment, potentially composed of SiO₂ (Quartz)

River Rock / Stream Pebble

Fluvial Clast / Rounded Sedimentary Particle

Ruby in Zoisite

Ruby (Corundum, Al2O3) in Zoisite (Calcium aluminum silicate hydroxide, Ca2Al3(SiO4)3(OH)) with some Hornblende

Fluorite Bracelet (light green beads) and possibly Lavender Jadeite (purple bead)

Fluorite: CaF₂ (Calcium Fluoride); Jadeite: NaAlSi₂O₆ (Sodium Aluminum Silicate)