Mineral Like Biological Tissue

Human Skin (Epidermis/Dermis)

Integumentary tissue (High content of hydroxyapatite in bones, though the surface is biological)

Fossilized Shark Tooth

Carcharocles sp. or similar (Fossilized Fluorapatite)

Kidney Stone (Calcium Oxalate / Uric Acid)

Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate (Whewellite) / Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate (Weddellite)

Polished fossil shell or bone fragment (tentative)

Indeterminate biogenic carbonate or fossilized bone; possibly a small gastropod/bivalve fragment

Fossilized tooth, likely mammoth or mastodon molar fragment

Proboscidean molar enamel and dentin; exact species requires expert examination

Fossil tooth fragment

Likely fossilized shark tooth or marine vertebrate tooth; exact taxon cannot be determined from the image

Fossilized Shark Tooth (Sand Tiger)

Carcharias sp. (Fossilized Tooth)

Megalodon Shark Tooth Fossil

Otodus megalodon

Fossilized bone

Petrified bone; commonly fossil vertebrate bone composed largely of hydroxyapatite and silica/calcite replacement minerals

Fossil Shark Tooth (Sand Tiger or Mackerel Shark)

Carcharias sp. or Otodus sp. replaced by Hydroxylapatite/Calcium Carbonate

Pearl

Pearl (Calcium Carbonate with organic conchiolin, CaCO3)

Amber

Succinite (specifically for Baltic Amber), Formula: C10H16O

Fossiliferous Limestone / Petrifaction

Sedimentary rock with fossil inclusions / Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Fossil shark tooth

Likely a fossilized shark tooth, possibly *Carcharodon* or *Carcharhinus*; exact species requires provenance and close examination

Amber

Succinite (fossilized tree resin)

Likely fossil tooth or tooth fragment

Indeterminate fossilized vertebrate tooth; possibly shark or marine reptile, identification uncertain from the image

Fossil mammalian skull

Fossilized vertebrate bone; exact taxon cannot be determined from the image

Pearl

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) - mainly Aragonite

Fossilized cylindrical shell or bone fragment

Indeterminate biogenic carbonate or phosphatic fossil; possible fragment of a tubular shell (e.g., scaphopod) or hollow bone

Pearl

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) + organic conchiolin

Pearl

Biogenic Calcium Carbonate (Aragonite and Conchiolin), CaCO3

Pearl

Aragonite and Calcite (CaCO3) with Conchiolin

Fossilized bone or tooth fragment

Indeterminate fossil bone; possibly mammalian or reptilian

Pearl

Calcium Carbonate (Aragonite) with Conchiolin; formula: CaCO3

Fossilized bone fragment (probable mammalian tooth or bone)

Mineralized bone, commonly hydroxyapatite [Ca5(PO4)3(OH)] replaced or impregnated by silica/calcite

Dinosaur Bone (Gembone)

Petrified Dinosaur Bone (Apatite/Silica replacement)

Amber

Succinate (Fossilized Tree Resin)

Amber

Succinite (with a generalized formula of C10H16O)

Amber

Succinite

Fossil shark tooth

Likely fossilized shark tooth, possibly *Carcharocles* or *Otodus* species

Cultured pearls

Pearl; predominantly aragonite (CaCO₃) in nacre with organic conchiolin

Black Pearl (Tahitian Type)

Aragonite / Pinctada margaritifera (CaCO3 + Conchiolin)

Firewood (Wood Log)

Lignum (Plant tissue composed of cellulose and lignin)

Fossilized mammalian tooth

Mineralized dental tissue, chiefly hydroxyapatite [Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH)]

Fossilized bone or tooth fragment

Indeterminate vertebrate fossil; likely permineralized bone, possibly a large mammal or marine vertebrate

Tahitian black pearl strand

Cultured pearl; aragonite (CaCO₃) nacre

Pearl-bearing oyster shell

Nacreous shell, primarily aragonite (CaCO₃), with natural pearls (calcium-carbonate nacre)

Sea Shell Fragment (Calcium Carbonate)

Aragonite / Calcite (CaCO3)

Fossilized Bone (Petrified Bone)

Permineralized Bone Fossil

Fossilized Shark Tooth

Carcharocles or Otodus sp. (Micro-fossilized)

Ironstone Nodules (Iron Concretion)

Siderite or Hematite Concretion

Note: Item is not a geological specimen

Homo sapiens (Dermal Appendage: Pilus)