Mineral Like Biological Tissue

Oak Wood (Wood Grain Pattern)

Quercus (genus)

Bivalve seashell (likely cockle or ark clam)

Calcareous shell composed chiefly of aragonite (CaCO₃); exact species cannot be determined confidently from the image

Amber

Succinite (Fossilized Tree Resin) - C10H16O

Fossil shark teeth

Likely fossilized shark teeth, possibly Carcharhiniformes or related sharks; exact species cannot be determined from the photo.

Polished petrified wood

Silicified fossil wood, chiefly microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂)

Biological Specimen (Domestic Dog)

Canis lupus familiaris

Jasper (Milky/Cream Variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - variety of Chalcedony

Fossiliferous limestone, likely with a coral or stromatoporoid fossil

Calcite (CaCO₃) limestone containing fossilized marine skeletal material

Mother of Pearl (Nacre)

Calcium Carbonate (primarily aragonite, with conchiolin)

Pearls

Aragonite (calcium carbonate) and Conchiolin

Fossil-bearing limestone, possibly a crinoid or shell fragment

Calcite (CaCO₃) limestone containing an indeterminate marine fossil

Fossiliferous Shale Matrix

Clastic Sedimentary Rock with Brachiopod or Mollusk shell fragments

Limestone Gravel

Sedimentary Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Crushed Limestone

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Piddock-bored Mudstone

Lutite (Siltstone or Mudstone) with Pholad borings

Fossiliferous Limestone / Fossil Fragment

Calcium Carbonate Matrix with Biogenic Inclusions (CaCO3)

Fossil scallop shell

Bivalve mollusk shell, likely family Pectinidae; primarily calcite (CaCO₃)

Amber

Succinite (approximate formula C10H16O)

Fossil coral fragment

Likely colonial scleractinian coral; calcite/aragonite (CaCO₃)

Amber

Succinite (C10H16O)

River Cobble with Algae Patina

Weathered Chert or Quartzite pebble (SiO2 dominated)

Orange Calcite

Calcite (CaCO3)

Massive calcite (likely limestone-derived calcite)

Calcite, calcium carbonate (CaCO₃); possibly a chalky limestone fragment

Fossiliferous limestone with brachiopod or bryozoan fossils

Calcite (CaCO₃) limestone containing marine invertebrate fossils, possibly brachiopoda or bryozoa

Fossiliferous Limestone

Calcareous biomicrite / Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Amber (or polished Chalcedony bead)

Fossilized Tree Resin / SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide if Chalcedony)

Fossilized coral or bryozoan limestone

Calcitic fossiliferous limestone; likely colonial coral/bryozoan fragments, CaCO₃

Chert (often called Flint or River Pebble)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Coralline Algae / Maerl

Lithothamnion (Biogenic Calcium Carbonate)

Hag Stone

Perforated Sandstone (composed of SiO2 and calcareous cement)

Shungite

Carbonaceous rock (primarily amorphous carbon)

Fossil-bearing ironstone or weathered concretion

Indeterminate; likely ferruginous sandstone/concretion containing a partial fossil impression

Crinoid Stem Fossil

Class Crinoidea (Phylum Echinodermata), primarily Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Dinosaur Bone (Petrified/Agatized)

Permineralized Dinosauria Bone (Silicate Replacement)

Amber

Succinite (Fossilized Tree Resin)

Fossiliferous Limestone (Coral Fossil)

Scleractinian Coral in Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Basalt with Desert Varnish

Mafic Volcanic Rock (Fe/Mg rich silica)

Marble (Sculptural Statue)

Metamorphic Limestone (CaCO3)

Bivalve Fossil (Clam/Mollusk)

Class: Bivalvia (Order: Veneroida), Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Petoskey Stone

Hexagonaria percarinata (Fossilized Coral)

Goldfish Cracker (Culinary Mimic)

Cibus aurum (Commonly composed of Enriched Wheat Flour and Cheddar Cheese)

Banded Iron Formation (BIF)

Banded Iron Formation