Mineralloid (Organic Gemstone)

Chert (Commonly known as Flint or Jasper when pigmented)

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (variations include Flint/Jasper)

Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (Flint)

Chert (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Translucent amber-colored gemstone, likely citrine or amber

Most plausibly quartz (SiO₂), specifically citrine; amber would be fossilized resin (organic polymer)

Chert (Flint variety)

Microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Organic Gemstone (often associated with Sedimentary sequences)

Amber

Succinite (specifically for Baltic Amber), Formula: C10H16O

Red Jasper

Jasper (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2 with iron oxide impurities)

Chert (often called Flint or Jasper)

Chert (Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Silica, SiO2)

Chert (often called Flint when dark)

Chert (Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Silica, SiO2)

Chert / Flint

Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (Commonly known as Flint)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Amber (rough amber piece)

Fossilized plant resin; predominantly polymerized terpenoid resin (succinite, when Baltic-type)

Amber

Fossilized tree resin; primarily an organic polymer of terpenoid compounds (succinite when Baltic-type)

Chert / Flint

Cryptocrystalline Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Chert / Flint

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (varieties include Flint and Jasper)

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (Jasper variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Chert (specifically Flint or Jasper variant)

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (and Chalcedony)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (Cherty Flint/Jasper variety)

Microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Pyrite

Pyrite (Iron sulfide, FeS₂)

Organic Gemstone (Sedimentary classification)

Pearl

Calcium Carbonate (Aragonite or Calcite) and Conchiolin

Mineraloid

Red Coral

Corallium rubrum (Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3)

Amber-like beach pebble

Amber (fossilized tree resin), likely heavily weathered or resinous organic material; exact identification is uncertain from the image

Likely anthracite coal fragments

Anthracite; predominantly carbon (C), with minor mineral ash

Chert (Jasper variation)

Chert (SiO2)

Mineral, Organic Gemstone

Coral (Precious Coral)

Corallium rubrum (Red Coral), Paracorallium japonicum (Momo Coral), Pleurocorallium elatius (Sardinian Coral), various other species within the Corallidae family. Chemically, it's primarily Calcium Carbonate (CaCO 3 ).

Banded Chert

Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Organic Gemstone/Mineraloid

Baltic Amber (Butterscotch variety)

Succinite

Baltic Amber (Butterscotch or Egg Yolk Variety)

Succinite (C10H16O)

Organic Gemstone (Mineraloid)

Pearls

Aragonite (calcium carbonate) and Conchiolin

Mineraloid

Mother of Pearl (Nacre)

Calcium Carbonate (primarily aragonite, with conchiolin)

Organic Gemstone/Biomineral

Amber (Simulated/Faturan Style)

Resin mix (Likely Phenolic/Celluloid if synthetic, Succinite if natural)

Organic Gemstone (not a mineral)

Pyrite

Pyrite (FeS2)

Organic Gemstone (Succinite)

Baltic Amber (Butterscotch or Egg Yolk Variety)

Fossilized Tree Resin (Succinite); Approximate formula: C10H16O

Hand-Drawn Trading Card (Amateur Artwork)

Cellulose-based substrate with wax/graphite/ink deposit (n/a for minerals)

Organic/Synthetic Composite (Paper and Pigment)

Opalite (a synthetic glass, often confused with Opal)

Silicon dioxide glass (SiO2nH2O, for natural opal)

Synthetic (glass)

Amber

Fossilized Tree Resin (Amorphous Hydrocarbon)

Organic Gemstone (for pearl), Mineral (for sapphire/topaz)

Baroque Pearl (and potentially a small Sapphire/Blue Topaz)

Pearl: Calcium Carbonate (aragonite or calcite) with conchiolin. Sapphire: Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3). Blue Topaz: Al2SiO4(F,OH)2.

Chert / Flint

Chert (varieties include Flint)

Sedimentary

Pyrite

Pyrite (Iron Disulfide), FeS2