Organic (Sedimentary Associated)

Chalcopyrite

Chalcopyrite (CuFeS2)

Organic Gemstone/Biomineral

Mother of Pearl (Nacre)

Calcium Carbonate (primarily aragonite, with conchiolin)

Amber (Copal)

Organic gemstone, fossilized tree resin (often immature amber or copal)

Granite

Granite (a plutonic igneous rock composed of quartz, feldspar, and mica)

igneous

Turquoise

Turquoise (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O)

mineral

Halite (Rock Salt)

Halite; NaCl (Sodium Chloride)

Organic Gemstone (fossilized resin)

Gneiss (likely)

Gneiss

Metamorphic

Baltic Amber (Butterscotch or Egg Yolk Variety)

Succinite (C10H16O)

Gneiss

Gneiss (pronounced 'nice')

Brown Jasper (Likely)

Jasper (Cryptocrystalline Silicon Dioxide - SiO2)

Blue Quartzite

Quartzite (specifically a variety enriched with blue-coloring minerals)

Mineral, often found in sedimentary deposits

Petrified Wood

Silicified wood, primarily composed of Quartz (SiO2)

Diorite (possibly fine-grained variety or a related intermediate intrusive rock like a felsic gabbro or a dark granodiorite)

Diorite (Igneous rock, intrusive, intermediate composition)

Igneous Rock

Anthracite Coal

Anthracite (Carbon-based organic sedimentary rock exposed to metamorphic heat/pressure; Chemical composition is approximately 86%–98% Carbon)

Banded Gneiss

Gneiss (pronounced 'nice')

Banded Gneiss (River Rock/Pebble)

Gneiss (specifically a banded variety, likely a orthogneiss or paragneiss depending on parent rock)

Organic Gemstone (not a rock or mineral in the traditional sense, but bio-mineralized material)

Red Coral

Corallium rubrum (for precious red coral), although other species like Corallium japonicum and Paracorallium are also used.

Amber

Fossilized tree resin (not a true mineral as it is organic and amorphous); Chemical formula is highly variable, but often approximated as C10H16O.

sedimentary (fossilized organic matter)

Fossilized Shark Teeth

Carcharhiniformes or Lamniformes species (common mineral: Fluorapatite/Ca5(PO4)3F)

Brachiopod Fossil (Spiriferid)

Phylum Brachiopoda, Order Spiriferida (CaCO3 - Calcium Carbonate)

sedimentary (fossilized organic remains)

Red Coral

Corallium rubrum (Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3)

Organic Gemstone (Sedimentary classification)

Pumice

Pumice (volcanic rock)

Igneous

Goldfish Cracker (Culinary Mimic)

Cibus aurum (Commonly composed of Enriched Wheat Flour and Cheddar Cheese)

Anthropogenic Sedimentary-style Organic Solid

Quartz Druzy on Agate (River Cobble)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Mineral / Sedimentary (often associated with volcanic hosts)

Quartz Vein in Host Rock (Gneiss/Schist)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) within a metamorphic matrix

Chalk

CaCO3 (primarily Calcium Carbonate), biogenic sedimentary rock

Sedimentary

Greenstone (Epidote/Chlorite-rich Metabasalt)

Greenschist / Epidosite (Ca2(Al,Fe)3(SiO4)3(OH))

Shale with Siltstone layering

Sedimentary Clastic Rock (Mudstone/Shale)

Shale

Fissile Mudstone (primarily composed of phyllosilicate minerals like kaolinite, montmorillonite, and illite)

Stromatolite

Stromatolite (Cyanobacteria-formed Organo-sedimentary structure)

Limestone

Calcareous sedimentary rock (primarily CaCO3)

Sandstone (with potential trace fossils)

Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily SiO2)

Limestone Pebble

Sedimentary Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Fossiliferous Limestone

Biogenic Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Limestone (Flagstone)

Fossiliferous Limestone (CaCO3)

Shale

Fissile Mudrock (Clay-rich Sedimentary Rock)

Chert

Siliceous sedimentary rock (predominantly microcrystalline quartz, SiO2)

Sedimentary

Chert

Chert (microcrystalline quartz, SiO2)

Unakite

Epidotized Granite

Fossiliferous Limestone

Limestone with fossil inclusions (CaCO3)