Organic Gemstone (Biogenic)

Chert (variations include Flint/Jasper)

Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (Flint)

Chert (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Chert (Jasper/Flint variety)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Probable amber fragment

Amber (fossilized plant resin; chiefly amorphous organic resin, commonly dominated by succinite)

Chert (Flint variety)

Microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (often called Flint when dark)

Chert (Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Silica, SiO2)

Red Jasper

Jasper (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2 with iron oxide impurities)

Chert (often called Flint or Jasper)

Chert (Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Silica, SiO2)

Chert (Commonly known as Flint)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert / Flint

Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert / Flint

Cryptocrystalline Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Chert / Flint

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Translucent amber-colored gemstone, likely citrine or amber

Most plausibly quartz (SiO₂), specifically citrine; amber would be fossilized resin (organic polymer)

Polished amber

Amber (fossilized plant resin), commonly succinite; organic mineraloid rather than a true mineral

Chert (varieties include Flint and Jasper)

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (Jasper variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Chert (specifically Flint or Jasper variant)

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (and Chalcedony)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (Cherty Flint/Jasper variety)

Microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Tumbled amber-like gemstone

Likely amber (fossilized resin; organic mineraloid), possibly citrine or yellow-brown glass imitation

Orange cabochon gemstone, likely amber or amber-like resin

Natural amber: fossilized plant resin (organic mineraloid), commonly succinite; exact identification requires testing

Pyrite

Pyrite (Iron sulfide, FeS₂)

Red Coral

Corallium rubrum (Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3)

Pearl

Calcium Carbonate (Aragonite or Calcite) and Conchiolin

Coral (Precious Coral)

Corallium rubrum (Red Coral), Paracorallium japonicum (Momo Coral), Pleurocorallium elatius (Sardinian Coral), various other species within the Corallidae family. Chemically, it's primarily Calcium Carbonate (CaCO 3 ).

Chert (Jasper variation)

Chert (SiO2)

Banded Chert

Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Mother of Pearl (Nacre)

Calcium Carbonate (primarily aragonite, with conchiolin)

Amber (Simulated/Faturan Style)

Resin mix (Likely Phenolic/Celluloid if synthetic, Succinite if natural)

Baltic Amber (Butterscotch variety)

Succinite

Baltic Amber (Butterscotch or Egg Yolk Variety)

Succinite (C10H16O)

Baltic Amber (Butterscotch or Egg Yolk Variety)

Fossilized Tree Resin (Succinite); Approximate formula: C10H16O

Pyrite

Pyrite (FeS2)

Pearls

Aragonite (calcium carbonate) and Conchiolin

Hand-Drawn Trading Card (Amateur Artwork)

Cellulose-based substrate with wax/graphite/ink deposit (n/a for minerals)

Amber

Fossilized Tree Resin (Amorphous Hydrocarbon)

Opalite (a synthetic glass, often confused with Opal)

Silicon dioxide glass (SiO2nH2O, for natural opal)

Baroque Pearl (and potentially a small Sapphire/Blue Topaz)

Pearl: Calcium Carbonate (aragonite or calcite) with conchiolin. Sapphire: Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3). Blue Topaz: Al2SiO4(F,OH)2.

Chert / Flint

Chert (varieties include Flint)

Pyrite

Pyrite (Iron Disulfide), FeS2

Baltic Amber (Butterscotch or Egg Yolk Variety)

Succinite (C10H16O)

Red Coral

Corallium rubrum (for precious red coral), although other species like Corallium japonicum and Paracorallium are also used.