Organic Gemstone (Not A Rock Or Mineral In The Traditional Sense, But Bio Mineralized Material)

Agate (or Banded Agate)

Agate (a variety of Chalcedony, which is a cryptocrystalline form of Quartz); Chemical Formula: SiO₂ (Silicon Dioxide)

Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂)

Banded Jasper (Chert)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - variety of Chalcedony

Green Aventurine (Green Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with inclusions of Fuchsite (K(Al,Cr)2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2)

Mixed Tumbled Gemstones and River Rocks

Mixed Decorative Stones (predominantly Silicon Dioxide - SiO2 variants)

Clear Quartz (beads in a bracelet)

Quartz (SiO2)

Quartz Crystal

Quartz (SiO₂)

Red Jasper (beads)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron inclusions

Quartz

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Fluorite

Fluorite (Calcium Fluoride, CaF2)

Iron Ore / Ironstone Concretion

Mixture of iron oxide/hydroxide minerals, likely some combination of Hematite (Fe2O3), Goethite (α-FeOOH), and Limonite (a general term for hydrated iron oxides of variable composition) or potentially Bauxite (a mixture of aluminum hydroxides, often with iron oxides, (Al(OH)3) and FeO(OH)). The visual characteristics strongly suggest iron-rich material.

Galena

Lead(II) sulfide (PbS)

Ruby

Corundum (Al₂O₃) with Chromium (Cr)

Sardonyx

Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (Jasper)

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO2)

Fluorite Bracelet (light green beads) and possibly Lavender Jadeite (purple bead)

Fluorite: CaF₂ (Calcium Fluoride); Jadeite: NaAlSi₂O₆ (Sodium Aluminum Silicate)

River Jasper (Chert/Chalcedony)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxide impurities

Chert (Flint)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Amethyst

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Fuchsite Quartzite

Fuchsite-bearing Quartzite

Carnelian

Carnelian (a variety of Chalcedony, SiO ₂)

Goldstone

N/A (Synthetic Glass with Copper Inclusions)

Chert (varietal: Flint/Jasper)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Jasper and Aquamarine (likely)

Jasper (Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)), Aquamarine (Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18))

Labradorite (likely Black Labradorite or Larvikite)

Labradorite (Na,Ca)(Al,Si)4O8. If a rock, it is typically anorthosite, gabbro, or norite, or a variety of syenite called Larvikite if it is specifically from Larvik, Norway.

Amber

Succinite (fossilized resin, C10H16O)

Chert (often called Flint)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Garnet (Red Garnet)

Garnet Group. The red varieties seen in jewelry are typically Almandine (Fe3Al2(SiO4)3), Pyrope (Mg3Al2(SiO4)3), or a mix of the two (pyrope-almandine series).

Bloodstone / Heliotrope

Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2 with inclusions)

Amber

Succinates (Organic compound: C10H16O)

Chert (often called Flint when found in chalk)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Sulfur

Sulfur (S8)

Onyx Marble (also commonly called Onyx)

Calcite (CaCO3), often with other mineral impurities

Rose Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Ruby in Zoisite

Ruby (α-Al2O3) embedded in Zoisite (Ca2Al3(SiO4)3(OH)) with some Hornblende

Quartzite

Quartzite

Black Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with impurities

Chert (with Quartz Druzy)

Microcrystalline Silica (SiO2)

Blue Goldstone

Synthetic Avanturine Glass (or Aventurine Glass)

Chert or Flint (polished/water-worn)

Chert (a microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline variety of quartz, SiO2). Flint is a specific variety of chert.

Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Pyrite

Iron Disulfide (FeS2)