Chert / Flint
Cryptocrystalline Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)
sedimentary
Category
Organic Gemstone
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Fossilized Bone
Permineralized Vertebrate Bone
fossil
Chert (Jasper/Chalcedony mix)
Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)
sedimentary
Chert (varieties include Flint and Jasper)
Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)
sedimentary
Black Limestone with Calcite Veining
Bituminous Limestone (CaCO3 with Organic Carbon inclusions)
sedimentary
Fossilized Bone
Petrified Bone / Biogenic Sedimentary
fossil
Chert (and Chalcedony)
Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)
sedimentary
Chert (Jasper variety)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
sedimentary
Chert (specifically Flint or Jasper variant)
Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)
sedimentary
Kidney Stone
Nephrolithiasis (Calcium Oxalate, Hydroxyapatite, or Uric Acid)
mineral
Shale or Slate
Shale (Sedimentary) or Slate (Metamorphic)
sedimentary or metamorphic
Chert (Cherty Flint/Jasper variety)
Microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)
sedimentary
Fossilized Shell Fragment / Mother of Pearl
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) - Aragonite/Calcite biomineral
fossil
Petrified Wood
Silicified Wood (SiO2)
fossil
Black Chert
Carbonaceous Chert (Silicon dioxide, SiO2)
sedimentary
Pyrite
Pyrite (Iron sulfide, FeS₂)
Mineral
Amber / Copal
Organic resin, C10H16O
mineral
Fossiliferous Sandstone
Sedimentary rock containing invertebrate fossils
fossil
Petrified Wood
Silicified Wood (SiO2)
fossil
Anthracite Coal
Carbon (with organic impurities)
sedimentary
Amber
Succinite (Organic Mineraloid)
mineral
Chert (Green and Black Jasper variant)
Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)
sedimentary
Amber
Succinates (Fossilized Tree Resin)
mineraloid
Amber
Succinite (C10H16O)
mineral
Kidney Stone
Calcium Oxalate (CaC2O4), Uric Acid, or Struvite
mineral
Petrified Wood
Silicified Wood (SiO2)
fossil
Chert (Jasper variation)
Chert (SiO2)
sedimentary
Petrified Wood / Fossilized Bone
Silicified / Mineralized Fossil (Silica SiO2)
fossil
Petrified Bone (Fossil Bone)
Per mineralization fossil bone (varies by organism, predominantly replacement by SiO2 - Quartz/Chalcedony)
fossil
Jasper containing fossilized inclusions
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with trace impurities and biogenic inclusions
sedimentary
Petrified Wood
Silicified Wood (SiO2)
fossil
Sea Shell (Mollusk Shell)
Calcium Carbonate (Aragonite/Calcite)
fossil
Limestone with Gastropod Fossil
Sedimentary Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) with Gastropoda inclusion
fossil
Chert Nodules in Limestone
Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2) within Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)
sedimentary
Druzy Chalcedony/Quartz on Fluorite core
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) on Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)
mineral
Banded Chert
Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)
sedimentary
Pearl (Imitation or Cultured)
Calcium Carbonate (Aragonite/Calcite) - CaCO3
Mineraloid (Organic)
Soil with Mineral Detritus and Quartz Fragments
Regolith / Silicate Mineral Aggregate
sedimentary
Fossil Shark Tooth
Carcharodon sp. (likely Otodus or similar Lamniformes order)
sedimentary
Limestone or Sandstone Cobble
Sedimentary rock (Calcium carbonate or Quartz based)
sedimentary
Amber
Succinite (fossilized resin)
mineral
Fossiliferous Limestone
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)
sedimentary