Organic Material (Likely A Fruit Or Berry)

Granite Pebble

Granite (a plutonic igneous rock composed primarily of quartz, feldspar, and mica/amphibole)

Quartz (chalcedony variety) or Limestone with Quartz Veins

SiO2 (for Quartz/Chalcedony); CaCO3 (for Limestone)

Quartz (in matrix)

Quartz (SiO₂)

Red Jasper (beads)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron inclusions

Amber (Black)

Amber (succinite, retinite, etc., specifically, heavily included/dark varieties)

Sandstone (Pebble/Conglomerate fragment)

Sandstone (clastic sedimentary rock)

Quartz

Quartz (SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide)

Sandstone (with possibly iron oxides and other minerals)

Sandstone

Amethyst Geode/Cluster

Quartz (SiO2) - variety Amethyst

Quartz (Druzy) in host rock

SiO₂ (Silicon Dioxide) as Quartz, with unspecified host rock components (likely silicates and iron oxides)

Quartz

Silicon dioxide (SiO₂)

Dark-colored Igneous Rock (likely Basalt or Diabase)

Basalt (extrusive igneous) or Diabase (intrusive igneous)

Blue Chalcedony and Picture Jasper Beads

Blue Chalcedony (SiO2), Picture Jasper (SiO2)

Metal Alloy (Jewelry)

Not a naturally occurring rock or mineral; likely a metal alloy for jewelry. Possible compositions include sterling silver (92.5% silver, 7.5% copper), or other silver/gold alloys.

Shale (possibly)

Shale (fine-grained clastic sedimentary rock)

Quartz (River Pebble)

Quartz (SiO₂ - Silicon Dioxide)

Iron Ore / Ironstone Concretion

Mixture of iron oxide/hydroxide minerals, likely some combination of Hematite (Fe2O3), Goethite (α-FeOOH), and Limonite (a general term for hydrated iron oxides of variable composition) or potentially Bauxite (a mixture of aluminum hydroxides, often with iron oxides, (Al(OH)3) and FeO(OH)). The visual characteristics strongly suggest iron-rich material.

Jade

There are two distinct minerals classified as Jade: Jadeite (Na(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6) and Nephrite (Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2). Based on the image showing translucent, somewhat fibrous material, it is likely Nephrite.

Mica Group Minerals

There isn't a single scientific name as 'Mica' refers to a group of phyllosilicate minerals. Common scientific names include Muscovite (KAl₂ (AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂), Biotite (K(Mg,Fe)₃AlSi₃O₁₀(OH)₂), Phlogopite (KMg₃AlSi₃O₁₀(OH)₂), and Lepidolite (K(Li,Al)₃(Al,Si,Rb)₄O₁₀(F,OH)₂).

Red Coral

Corallium rubrum (for precious red coral), although other species like Corallium japonicum and Paracorallium are also used.

Conglomerate

Conglomerate (clastic sedimentary rock)

Puddingstone (Jasper-Conglomerate)

Conglomerate (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2 with impurities)

Conglomerate

Clastic sedimentary rock (Conglomerate)

Conglomerate

Conglomerate (clastic sedimentary rock)

Puddingstone (Gowganda Tillite/Lorrain Quartzite)

Jasper Conglomerate

Amber

Succinite (specifically for Baltic amber); approximate formula C10H16O

Amber (Copal)

Succinite (fossilized tree resin)

Amber

Succinicum (Organic compound, primarily C10H16O)

Amber

Succinite (fossilized resin)

Fossil Shark Tooth (Sand Tiger or Mackerel Shark)

Carcharias sp. or Otodus sp. replaced by Hydroxylapatite/Calcium Carbonate

Ironstone concretion / Limonitic Sandstone

Goethite/Hematite Cemented Sandstone (Hydrated Iron Oxide)

Amber

Succinite (specific to Baltic amber), fossilized tree resin

Fossilized Bivalve Shell

Bivalvia (fossil specimen)

Sandstone Concretion with Fossil Wood

Ferruginous Sandstone Concretion (SiO2 with Fe2O3 cement)

Ironstone Concretion

Siderite or Hematite Concretion

Garden Quartz

Included Quartz (SiO2 with accessory minerals such as Chlorite, Hematite, or Feldspar)

Amber

Succinite (Fossilized Tree Resin)

Moss Agate

Chalcedony (SiO2) with inclusions of manganese or iron oxides

Turquoise and Red Coral

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O (Turquoise) and Corallium rubrum (Red Coral)

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (primarily SiO2)

Agate (Moss or Dendritic Agate)

Chalcedony (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

White Coral

Corallium rubrum (biocarbonate calcium) / CaCO3