Sedimentary (Biogenic Sediment Or Biological Remain)

Pebble (likely Sandstone or Granitic Pebble)

Clastic Sediment (or specific rock type, e.g., Arenite, Granitoid Pebble)

Chert

Chert (variant of microcrystalline quartz)

Quartz (likely a form of massive or vein quartz)

Quartz (SiO₂)

Asphalt (Bituminous pavement)

Bituminous concrete / Asphalt

Conglomerate

Conglomerate Rock (Paraconglomerate)

Yellow Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Jasper

Silicon dioxide (SiO2)

Picture Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Opaque Impure Chalcedony

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Green Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with impurities

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (primarily SiO2)

Amber (Black)

Amber (succinite, retinite, etc., specifically, heavily included/dark varieties)

Conglomerate

Conglomerate (clastic sedimentary rock)

Shale with Vein Infillings

Shale (a fine-grained clastic sedimentary rock). The veins could be Calcite (CaCO3), Quartz (SiO2), or other minerals.

Red Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Iron inclusions

Orthoceras Fossil in Limestone

Orthoceras (extinct genus of cephalopods), mineralized as Calcite (CaCO3) in Fossiliferous Limestone

Jasper (Yellow/Brown variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxide impurities

Granite (phaneritic background) with Limestone/Calcite carving

Felsic Igneous Plutonic Rock (background) / Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) (carving)

Chert (or Flint)

SiO2 (predominantly microcrystalline quartz)

Sandstone

Sandstone (lithified sand)

Conglomerate (Puddingstone)

Conglomerate (specifically, clastic sedimentary rock)

Pyrite

Pyrite (Iron Disulfide), FeS2

Sandstone

Sandstone (arenite is a more specific geological term for a clean sandstone, while wacke refers to a dirty sandstone with significant matrix)

Flesh-toned Siltstone

Siltstone (composed of microscopic Quartz and Feldspar grains)

Chert (varietal known as Jasper or Flint)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Conglomerate

Conglomerate

Red Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxide inclusions

Concretion or Geode (unbroken)

Varied (depending on mineral composition and cementing agent). For quartz-lined geodes, the scientific name of the dominant mineral would be Quartz (SiO2). For calcite-lined geodes, Calcite (CaCO3). Concretions are often composed of cryptocrystalline quartz (chert), calcite, or iron oxides.

Jasper with Pyrite (Gold-colored inclusions)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Iron Disulfide (FeS2) inclusions

Jasper (Milky/Cream Variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - variety of Chalcedony

Sandstone with trace fossil

Sandstone, possibly with Skolithos or similar trace fossil

Banded Chert / Flint

Silicon dioxide (SiO2)

Microcrystalline Limestone Pebble

Carbonate sedimentary rock (Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3)

Conglomerate

Conglomerate (clastic sedimentary rock)

Mookaite Jasper

Siliceous (chert) sedimentary rock, a form of Jasper

River Rock (Quartz-dominated)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) mixture with varied clastic sediments

Green Jasper with Agate Banding

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with impurities of ferrous silicate or chlorite

Unidentified Rock Fragment

Unknown

Jasper (specifically Polychrome or Desert Jasper)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxide and other mineral impurities

Red Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Hematite (Fe2O3) inclusions

Fossil Coral

Fossilized Scleractinia or Tabulata (various genera/species)

Quartz Vein in Host Rock (clastic sediment)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) in matrix