Sedimentary (Man Made)

Pearl

Calcium Carbonate (mostly Aragonite), CaCO3 (with conchiolin)

Rough Diamond

Diamond (pure Carbon, C)

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Pyrite

Pyrite (Iron Disulfide), FeS2

Milky Quartz

Quartz (SiO2)

Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂)

Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Pearl (with Peridot)

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) + Conchiolin; Peridot: Magnesium iron silicate (Mg, Fe)2SiO4

Calcite

Calcite (Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3)

Quartz (Rock Crystal)

Quartz (SiO₂ - Silicon Dioxide)

Quartz

Quartz (SiO₂)

Rough Diamond

Diamond (pure Carbon, C)

Diamond (in jewelry setting)

Carbon (C)

Pearl

Aragonite (CaCO3) with Conchiolin

Sandstone

Sandstone (Clastic Sedimentary Rock)

Quartz

Quartz (SiO₂)

Quartz (likely macrocrystalline variety)

Quartz (SiO₂)

Sandstone (Pebble/Conglomerate fragment)

Sandstone (clastic sedimentary rock)

Sandstone (Ferruginous)

Arenite (Fe-oxide cemented)

Sandstone (Ferruginous)

Arenite (primarily SiO2 with Fe2O3 staining)

Iron Ore / Ironstone Concretion

Mixture of iron oxide/hydroxide minerals, likely some combination of Hematite (Fe2O3), Goethite (α-FeOOH), and Limonite (a general term for hydrated iron oxides of variable composition) or potentially Bauxite (a mixture of aluminum hydroxides, often with iron oxides, (Al(OH)3) and FeO(OH)). The visual characteristics strongly suggest iron-rich material.

Quartz Geode/Druzy Quartz

Quartz (SiO₂)

Shale

Shale (Consolidated fine-grained clay/silt)

Quartzite

Quartzite (SiO2)

Sandstone

Arenite (general term for sandstone)

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2 principal)

Fossilized Bone Fragment

Permineralized Vertebrate Bone (Hydrox yapatite replaced by Silica or Calcite)

Granodiorite with Quartz Veining

Granodiorite (containing Plagioclase Feldspar, Quartz, and Biotite/Hornblende) with Quartz (SiO2) veins

Diamond (in jewelry setting)

Adamantine Carbon (C)

Fossil Coral

Coral Limestone (a type of biogenic sedimentary rock)

Granite

Phaneritic Igneous Rock (primarily Quartz, Feldspar, and Mica)

Ironstone Concretion (Iron-rich Mudstone)

Siderite / Geothite concretion (FeCO3 / FeO(OH))

Rhodonite

Rhodonite (MnSiO3)

Lazulite

Lazulite (Mg,Fe2+)Al2(PO4)2(OH)2

Quartz (likely a macrocrystalline variety like milky quartz or smoky quartz, given the appearance in the image)

Quartz (SiO₂ - Silicon Dioxide)

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Turquoise (beads)

Turquoise; CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Diamond (or Diamond Simulant)

Carbon (C)

Green Slag Glass

Amorphous Silica / Glassy Blast Furnace Slag

Jasper (yellow/cream variety)

SiO₂ (Cryptocrystalline Quartz)

Diamond (as set in a metal alloy ring)

Diamond (Pure Carbon, C)

Turquoise

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium [CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O]