Sedimentary (Or Mineraloid)

Shale

Fissile mudrock (composed primarily of clay minerals and quartz)

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Shale

Fissile mudrock (composed of clay-sized particles and detrital grains)

Shale

Fissile Mudstone (primarily composed of phyllosilicate minerals like kaolinite, montmorillonite, and illite)

Shale

Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily clay and silt minerals)

Pyrite

Iron Sulfide (FeS2)

Halite (Rock Salt)

Halite (Sodium Chloride, NaCl)

Mixed Tumbled Gemstones (Agate, Aventurine, Pyrite, etc.)

Multiple (principally Silicon Dioxide SiO2 and Iron Disulfide FeS2)

Flesh-toned Siltstone

Siltstone (composed of microscopic Quartz and Feldspar grains)

Shale

Shale (fine-grained clastic sedimentary rock)

Sedimentary Breccia

Breccia (Clastic Sedimentary Rock)

Sedimentary Breccia

Clastic Breccia (CaCO3/SiO2 matrix)

Shale with Siltstone layering

Sedimentary Clastic Rock (Mudstone/Shale)

Sandstone (Quartz Sandstone)

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Limonite with Trace Fossils

Hydrous Iron Oxide Mixture (FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Chert (Jasper/Opaline variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Moqui Marble (Concretion)

Iron Oxide Concretion (Hematite-cemented Sandstone)

Orange Calcite

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Pyrite

Iron Sulfide (FeS2)

Pebble (likely Quartz or Chert)

SiO₂ (Silicon Dioxide) - referring to the likely main mineral composition, Quartz. If it's chert, the scientific name remains SiO₂ with a microcrystalline structure.

Devil's Toenail

Gryphaea (extinct genus of foam oysters, typically composed of Calcite CaCO3)

Chert (specifically Gray/Blue-Gray Chert)

Chert (SiO2)

Chert (Tan/Yellow variety)

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO2)

Sandstone (Ferruginous)

Arenite with Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) cement

Sandstone (Micaceous)

Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)

Sandstone (Water-worn Pebble)

Clastic Sedimentary Rock (primarily SiO2)

Optical Calcite (Iceland Spar)

Calcite (Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3)

Quartz Geode

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) in Host Rock

Orange Calcite

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Jasper (Iron-rich)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Fe2O3 (Hematite) impurities

Red Jasper (Polished)

Jasper (Iron-rich Microcrystalline Quartz, SiO2)

Geode (Chert or Quartz Nodule)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Chert (Chert Nodule with Chalky Cortex)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Microcrystalline Quartz

Blue Apatite

Fluorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3F)

Halite (Rock Salt)

Halite (Sodium Chloride, NaCl)

Orange Calcite (Cleavage Rhomb)

Calcite (Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3)

Fluorite, Turquoise, and Calcite set

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2), Hydrous Phosphate of Copper and Aluminum (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O), Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Manganese Ore (Psilomelane/Pyrolusite)

Psilomelane ((Ba,H2O)2Mn5O10) and Pyrolusite (MnO2)

Yellow Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxide inclusions

Fossiliferous Limestone with Brachiopod

Phylum Brachiopoda in calcitic matrix

Red Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Iron impurities

Blue Apatite

Apatite (Calcium Phosphate) - Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH)