Sedimentary (With Some Aspects Of Mineral Replacement)

Satin Spar (Selenite variant)

Gypsum (Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate, CaSO4·2H2O)

Garnet (likely Pyrope or Almandine)

Garnet Group (complex nesosilicate minerals, e.g., Pyrope Mg3Al2(SiO4)3, Almandine Fe3Al2(SiO4)3, Spessartine Mn3Al2(SiO4)3, Grossular Ca3Al2(SiO4)3, Andradite Ca3Fe2(SiO4)3, Uvarovite Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3). The vivid red color in the image strongly suggests Pyrope or Almandine.

Agate (specifically, likely a geode slice or nodule)

Agate (a variety of Chalcedony, with chemical formula SiO2)

Basalt (River Rock/Cobble)

Basalt (no specific mineral formula as it's a rock)

Citrine Quartz

Quartz (SiO2) - specifically, a variety of macrocrystalline quartz

Rose Quartz

Quartz (SiO2) with trace elements of titanium, iron, or manganese

Conglomerate

Conglomerate (a clastic sedimentary rock)

Jade (likely Nephrite or Jadeite)

Nephrite (a variety of actinolite, Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2) or Jadeite (NaAlSi2O6)

Biotite Mica

K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2

Quartz on Sandstone

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) in Lithic Sandstone

Limonite (Iron Ore)

Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Limonite / Ironstone Nodule

Limonite (Hydrated iron(III) oxide-hydroxide), FeO(OH)·nH2O

Sodalite

Sodalite, Na8(Al6Si6O24)Cl2

Sandstone (Tumbled/River Pebble)

Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)

Quartz Geode

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) in Host Rock

Orange Calcite

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Fluorite, Turquoise, and Calcite set

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2), Hydrous Phosphate of Copper and Aluminum (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O), Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Manganese Ore (Psilomelane/Pyrolusite)

Psilomelane ((Ba,H2O)2Mn5O10) and Pyrolusite (MnO2)

Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)

Arenite (SiO2 based)

Smoky Quartz

Quartz (SiO₂)

Black Star Diopside

Diopside (CaMgSi2O6) with asterism

Peridot (likely, based on color and appearance)

Olivine group mineral, specifically (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 (Forsterite-Fayalite solid solution series)

Sandstone (Picture Sandstone)

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Red Jasper

Silicon Dioxide with Iron Oxide inclusions (SiO2 + Fe2O3)

Limonite

Limonite (Hydrous iron oxides, predominantly Goethite FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Limonite (Iron Ore)

Hydrated Iron(III) Oxide-Hydroxide (FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Himalayan Salt

Halite (mineral name), chemical formula NaCl (sodium chloride). Generally, 'Himalayan Salt' is a trade name for evaporite minerals from specific regions.

Sandstone with Quartz Vein

Arenite with SiO2 intrusion

Pyrite (Fool's Gold)

Iron Sulfide (FeS2)

Pyrite (Fool's Gold)

Iron Disulfide (FeS2)

Pyrite

Iron Sulfide (FeS2)

Rutilated Quartz

SiO2 with TiO2 inclusions (Rutile)

Limonite (Ironstone Concretion)

Hydrated iron(III) oxide-hydroxide (FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Blue Apatite

Fluorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3F)

Apatite

Fluorapatite, Chlorapatite, and Hydroxylapatite (Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH))

Granite

Granite (a felsic intrusive igneous rock)

Rhodonite

Manganese Inosilicate (MnSiO3), often with Ca, Fe, Mg, Zn

Limonite/Goethite (Iron Ore)

Hydrous ferric oxides (FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Limonite (Iron Ore)

FeO(OH)·nH2O (Hydrated iron(III) oxide-hydroxide mixture)

Iron Ore (Limonite and Hematite)

Goethite/Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH2O) and Hematite (Fe2O3)

Jade (likely Nephrite or Jadeite)

Nephrite (Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2) or Jadeite (Na(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6)

Pumice

Pumicite (fine-grained pumice), Scoria (similar origin but denser and darker, usually basaltic)