Sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2 primarily)

Crinoid and Coral Fossils in Limestone

Fossiliferous Limestone with Rugosa (order) and Crinoidea (class)

Banded Iron Formation (BIF)

Banded Iron Formation containing Hematite (Fe2O3) and Magnetite (Fe3O4)

Red Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Hematite inclusions

Sandstone (Picture Sandstone)

Arenite (primarily SiO2 with iron oxide impurities)

Coral Fossil (Petrified Coral)

Scleractinia (Order) - Calcified Fossil Skeleton (CaCO3)

Coquina or Fossiliferous Limestone

Biogenic Limestone (Calcite/Aragonite CaCO3)

Glauconitic Sandstone (Greensand)

Glauconitic quartz wacke or arenite

Chert (Smoky variety)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with impurities

Chert (often called Jasper in this color)

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO2)

Septarian Nodule (Septarian Dragon Stone)

Septarian concretion (composition: Calcite CaCO3, Aragonite CaCO3, and Limestone/Clay)

Red Jasper

Chalcedony (SiO2) with iron inclusions

Fossilized Solitary Rugose Coral (Horn Coral)

Order: Rugosa (e.g., Grewingkia or Heliophyllum); composed of Calcite (CaCO3) or Silica (SiO2)

River Pebble (Greywacke or Quartzite-rich Sandstone)

Lithic Sandstone (primarily SiO2 with rock fragments)

Chert (variant of Flint)

Chert (SiO2)

Chert (Yellow Jasper variant)

Microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Jasper (Red/Green Brecciated)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxide and chlorite inclusions

Chert (Yellow Jasper variant)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Picture Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with impurities

Chert

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Banded Iron Formation (BIF) with Quartz

Banded Iron Formation, often composed of alternating layers of hematite (Fe2O3) or magnetite (Fe3O4) and chert (microcrystalline quartz, SiO2)

Chert (Smooth River Pebble)

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert Pebble

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (Field Stone)

Microcrystalline / Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Banded Calcite (often sold as 'Mexican Onyx' or 'Green Onyx')

Calcite (Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3)

Chalk (Limestone variant)

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

River Stone (Chert/Siltstone)

Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2) with trace impurities

Coral Fossil (Scleractinia)

Scleractinia (Order), primarily CaCO3 (Aragonite or Calcite)

Jasper (specifically Yellow Jasper and Red Jasper)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxide inclusions

Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxide impurities

Ferruginous Sandstone (Ironstone Nodules)

Ferruginous Quartz-Arenite (with Goethite/Hematite cement)

Chert (specifically Jasper/Flint pebble)

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Fossiliferous Limestone (Coquina / Shell Limestone)

Biogenic Limestone (Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3)

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2 primarily)

Yellow Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with hydrated iron oxide impurities (Goethite)

Chert (Flint variety)

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Septarian Nodule

Septarian Concretion (CaCO3 with Siderite/Calcite/Aragonite)

Chert (and/or Flint)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Sandstone (likely Arkosic or Quartzose)

Sandstone (SiO2 dominated)

Bauxite

Bauxite (Principal ore of aluminum; mixture of minerals including Gibbsite Al(OH)3, Boehmite and Diaspore AlO(OH))

Chert / Flint

Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)