Synthetic Material (Not A Rock Or Mineral)

Amber (and Cubic Zirconia)

Fossilized Tree Resin

Lapis Lazuli

Lapis Lazuli (a rock composed primarily of Lazurite (Na,Ca)₈[(S,Cl,SO₄,OH)₂|(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)], with varying amounts of Calcite, Pyrite, and Sodalite.)

Magnetite or Hematite-rich Ore

Magnetite (Fe3O4) or Hematite (Fe2O3)

Faceted blue gemstone ring, likely synthetic spinel or glass; identity uncertain

Possibly synthetic blue spinel (MgAl₂O₄) or laboratory sapphire (Al₂O₃); the clear side stones may be cubic zirconia or glass

Colorless faceted gemstone, likely glass or cubic zirconia

Uncertain; possible cubic zirconia (zirconium dioxide, ZrO₂) or synthetic glass

Opalite

Synthetic glass (SiO2 + metal additions)

Small blue cut gemstone, possibly synthetic spinel or glass; species cannot be determined from the photo

Undetermined; blue synthetic spinel (MgAl₂O₄) is one possibility

Malachite

Cu2CO3(OH)2 (Copper Hydroxide Carbonate)

Sandstone

Arenite

Diamond (Heart Cut)

Carbon (C)

Colorless faceted gemstone, likely cubic zirconia

Synthetic cubic zirconia (ZrO₂), tentative; possibly diamond or synthetic moissanite

Pearls (likely freshwater cultured pearls)

Pearl: nacre, primarily aragonite (CaCO₃) with conchiolin

Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) with Chromium/Vanadium impurities

Iron-stained rock fragment, possibly quartz-rich

Unidentified quartz-rich rock with iron-oxide staining (likely hematite/goethite)

Ruby (Corundum)

Corundum (Aluminum Oxide with Chromium), Al2O3:Cr

Blue Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3 with trace Titanium and Iron)

Polished amethyst cabochon

Amethyst, purple quartz (SiO₂)

Diamond

Diamond (pure carbon; C)

Red-orange cabochon, likely carnelian or glass imitation

Carnelian: chalcedony (microcrystalline SiO₂), commonly iron-colored

Smoky Quartz

Smoky Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Quartz with Mafic/Chlorite Veins

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Chlorite/Epidote cross-veining

Opalite

Synthetic glass / Opalized glass

Opalite

Synthetic Glass (Simulated Opal)

Colorless faceted gemstone, likely cubic zirconia or diamond

Uncertain from image; cubic zirconia (ZrO₂) is a common diamond simulant, while diamond is crystalline carbon (C)

Ammolite

Biogenic gemstone (Aragonite, CaCO3)

Black-and-white bicolored pebble

Likely basalt with a pale felsic or carbonate coating/inclusion; exact identification requires testing

Polished hematite bead necklace

Hematite (iron(III) oxide, Fe₂O₃), likely polished beads

Rounded quartz-rich pebble

Lithic pebble; likely quartz/quartzite with iron-oxide staining

Chrysocolla in Malachite

Cu2CO3(OH)2 (Malachite) / Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4·nH2O (Chrysocolla)

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Rough Citrine Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with ferric iron impurities

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18 with Chromium/Vanadium impurities)

Sandstone with Lichen and Iron Oxide Staining

Quartz Arenite / Sandstone

Goldstone

Aventurine glass

Coarse-grained gray metamorphic rock, likely gneiss

Biotite–quartz–feldspar gneiss (probable)

Bismuth crystal

Bismuth (Bi), synthetic laboratory-grown crystal

Asphalt Pavement (with aggregate)

Asphalt concrete

Amethyst jewelry centerpiece

Amethyst, purple quartz (SiO₂), likely set with colorless diamonds or other gems

Black Tourmaline

Schorl (Na(Fe²⁺)₃Al₆(BO₃)₃Si₆O₁₈(OH)₄)

Faceted transparent gemstone pendant

Likely cubic zirconia (zirconium dioxide, ZrO₂); possibly diamond or synthetic moissanite