mineral
Agate (Carnelian / Chalcedony pebble)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Microcrystalline Quartz
Hardness: 6.5-7 Mohs. Color: Translucent brownish-orange to reddish-tan. Luster: Waxy to vitreous. Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture). Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Translucent brownish-orange to reddish-tan
- Luster
- Waxy to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7 Mohs. Color: Translucent brownish-orange to reddish-tan. Luster: Waxy to vitreous. Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture). Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the deposition of silica-rich water solutions inside cavities of volcanic or sedimentary rocks, followed by erosion that rounded the specimen into a stream or beach pebble.
Uses & applications
Popular for rock tumbling, wire wrapping, lapidary arts, jewelry, and decorative stone collections.
Geological facts
Water-worn agate pebbles often display subtle translucent properties when backlit and develop a smooth, frosted outer husk due to natural abrasion in river beds or ocean shores.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its waxy texture, translucency when held to a strong light, lack of cleavage, and resistance to scratching by steel. Commonly found in gravel bars, beaches, and volcanic terrains worldwide.
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