mineral
Amethyst
Quartz (SiO2)
Hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, purple to violet color, vitreous luster, trigonal crystal system, conchoidal fracture with no true cleavage, specific gravity of 2.65.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, purple to violet color, vitreous luster, trigonal crystal system, conchoidal fracture with no true cleavage, specific gravity of 2.65.
Formation & geological history
Forms in hydrothermal veins and gas cavities (vugs) in volcanic rocks, where silica-rich solutions cool and crystallize over long geological timescales.
Uses & applications
Used primarily as a gemstone in jewelry, for decorative carvings, and in metaphysical practices.
Geological facts
The purple color of amethyst is caused by irradiation, iron impurities, and the presence of other trace elements. Ancient Greeks believed it prevented intoxication.
Field identification & locations
Can be identified by its characteristic purple color and quartz hardness. Commonly found in Brazil, Uruguay, Zambia, and the USA.
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