mineral
Amethyst
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron impurities
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Purple to violet; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal system: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture; Specific Gravity: 2.65
- Hardness
- 7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Purple to violet
- Luster
- Vitreous (glassy)
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Purple to violet; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal system: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture; Specific Gravity: 2.65
Formation & geological history
Formed in hydrothermal veins and cavities (geodes) of igneous or metamorphic rocks when silica-rich water crystallized in the presence of trace iron and natural radiation. Geologic age varies from millions to billions of years depending on locale.
Uses & applications
Widely used in jewelry (faceting and cabochons), ornamental carvings, and as a popular mineral specimen for collectors.
Geological facts
Amethyst is the birthstone for February and gets its name from the Greek word 'amethystos', meaning not drunk, as it was anciently believed to prevent intoxication.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its purple hue, lack of cleavage, and ability to scratch glass. Commonly found in Brazil, Uruguay, Uruguay, Zambia, and Canada. Collectors look for deep saturation and clarity.
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